hipaa violations Essays - Health Informatics,

There all kinds of HIPAA violation cases out there. Whether they violate the security, administrative, or technical safeguards data breaches often occur within certain parameters. Some HIPAA violation types are: A individual didn?t know they violated HIPAA and for that can get a fined a minimum penalty of $100 and a maximum fine of They had thousands of Minnesota patient?s personal health information which they shouldn?t have had access to. The company is being sued because they failed to disclose to the patients how their records were being used, and they failed to protect their records. The lawsuit seeks to stop accretive from containing data collections. OCR investigated UCLA Health System after receiving complaints from two celebrity patients. The investigation showed that from 2005-2008 unauthorized employees repeatedly looked at electronic protected health information of many UCLAHS patients. The investigation also showed that they failed to supply sufficient security measures. If you believe that a covered entity violated your or someone?s health information privacy rights or committed another violation of the privacy of security rule, you file a complaint with OCR. OCR can investigate complaints against covered entities. A covered entity is a health plan, health care clearing house, any health care provider that conducts certain health care transaction electronically. When you file a complaint you must file in writing, either on paper or electronically by mail, fax, or e-mail. You must name the covered entity involved and describe the acts or omissions you believe violated the requirements of the privacy or security rule and it must be filed within 180 days of when you know that the act or omission complained of occurred. OCR may extend the 180-day period if you can show good cause. Anyone can file a complaint alleging a violation of privacy or security rule. Under HIPAA an entity cannot retaliate against you for filing a complaint. You should notify OC R immediately in the event any retaliatory actions occur. Here is five ways to avoid HIPAA violations in the social media. 1.Don?t talk about patients, even in general terms. It is not worth your time an example of this would be don?t post things like had a patient in the ER last night with alcohol-induced liver disease. It takes only a couple clues to piece together. 2.Don?t talk about conditions, treatments or research. 3.Avoid posting things on media sites like Facebook, twitter, and MySpace. 4.Don?t be anonymous, if you wouldn?t say it in the elevator, don?t put it online. 5.Don?t mix your personal and professional lives. The common causes for a HIPAA breach were theft of patient health information, unauthorized access to the data, human error, loss and improper disposal of patient records. There should be limited access to patient health

Outline the Operations Processes Relevant to Transformations. Describe and Explain the Impact of the 4’s on the Transformation Processes. Essay Example

Outline the Operations Processes Relevant to Transformations. Describe and Explain the Impact of the 4’s on the Transformation Processes. Essay Example Outline the Operations Processes Relevant to Transformations. Describe and Explain the Impact of the 4’s on the Transformation Processes. Essay Outline the Operations Processes Relevant to Transformations. Describe and Explain the Impact of the 4’s on the Transformation Processes. Essay Outline the operations processes relevant to transformations. Describe and explain the impact of the 4? s on the transformation processes. Operations refers to those ongoing cyclic activities involved in the running of a business for the purpose of producing value for the stakeholders. Operations includes the conversion of inputs (resources) into outputs (goods and services). This conversion is known as transformation. Thus, operations processes are those processes involved directly with transformation. Operations processes entails different processes relevant to transformations. Sequencing and Scheduling are two essential aspects that assist with structuring and ordering the transformation processes. Sequencing refers to the order in which activities in the operations process occur. Scheduling refers to the length of time activities take within the operations process. The two main scheduling tools are Gantt charts and Critical Path Analysis (CPA). An understanding of both sequencing and scheduling is necessary for operations managers. As well as operations, technology is another aspect of the operations process which is relevant to transformations. Business technology involves the use of machinery and systems that enable businesses to undertake the transformation process more effectively and ef? ciently. Business technology may include a computer, keyboard and mouse, mobile telephones, printers etc. Manufacturing technology includes robotics, computer-aided designs (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Task Design is relevant to transformations as it involves classifying job activities in ways that make it easy for an employee to successfully perform and complete a task. It overlaps the employment relations function of job analysis, job description and person speci? ation. A plant layout is the arrangement of equipment, machinery and staff within the facility (either a factory or of? ce). The plant layout have an impact on the ef? ciency of the operations function. Plant layouts ensure enough physical space for production, effective use of equipment, the use of appropriate technology, and a good work environment, to n ame a few. All operations processes should be monitored for their effectiveness. Monitoring is the process of measuring actual performance against planned performance. As well as monitoring, the main transformational process should be subject to control. Control occurs when KPIs are assessed against predetermined targets and corrective action is taken if required. This requires effective monitoring and focus on continuous improvement. Monitoring and control lead to improvements when there is a focus on quality and standards. Improvement refers to systematic reduction of inef? ciencies and wastage, poor work processes and the elimination of any bottlenecks. Monitoring, control and improv Transformation processes are in? uenced by volume, variety, variation and visibility. That is, the four V? how much of a product is made, the range of products made, the amount of a product desired by consumers and the nature and amount of customer contact. The in? uence of volume has a strong impact on the transformation process. Volume refers to how much of a product is made. Volume ? exibility depends on the increase or decrease on the demand of a product. An example of a business which used volume as an in? uence for the transformation process is the manufacturers of Leapfrog Leapster Explorer. In 2010, the console became available for sale. However, there were more far more games than actual consoles. This meant that retailers had a shortage of consoles in comparison to games. This is a prime example of a situation caused by a supplier with an incorrect perception of volume. The in? uence of variety is the second ? V? that impacts strongly on the transformation process. Variety is the mix of products made, or services delivered through the transformation process. It is sometimes referred to as mix ? exibility. Mix ? exibility is known by customers as product range or variety of change. The in? uence of variety on transformation processes is the greater the variety made, the more the operations process needs to allow for variation. An example of a business that considers variety is Electrolux. Electrolux make Simpson, Chef, Dishlex and Westinghouse brands. These brands are attached to a range of whitegoods such as fridges, washing machines, ovens, dishwashers and dryers. In this way, the company can sell a variety of products made with largely similar production processes. A variation in demand can impact signi? cantly on transformation resources. Increases in demand will require increased inputs from suppliers, increased human resources, increased energy use and increased use of machinery and technology. The fourth and ? nal V that impacts the transformation process is the in? uence of visibility. Visibility is important in the transformation as it is the nature and amount of customer contact (feedback). Direct customer contact may include customer feedback given through surveys, interviews, letters, blogs and verbal contact. Indirect customer contact comes from a review of sales data that is an analysis of customer preferences. As businesses seek to maximize sales, customer contact is essential and ultimately shapes the transformation process.

Biography of Kurt Vonnegut Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biography of Kurt Vonnegut - Essay Example After the war, Vonnegut attended the University of Chicago as a graduate student in anthropology and also worked at the City News Bureau of Chicago. He described his work there in the late 1940s in terms that could have been used by almost any other City Press reporter of any era: "Well, the Chicago City News Bureau was a tripwire for all the newspapers in town when I was there, and there were five papers, I think. We were out all the time around the clock and every time we came across a really juicy murder or scandal or whatever, they’d send the big time reporters and photographers, otherwise, they’d run our stories. So that’s what I was doing, and I was going to university at the same time." Vonnegut admitted that he was a poor anthropology student, with one professor remarking that some of the students were going to be professional anthropologists and he was not one of them. According to Vonnegut in Bagombo Snuff Box, the university rejected his first thesis o n the necessity of accounting for the similarities between Cubist painters and the leaders of late 19th Century Native American uprisings, saying it was unprofessional. He left Chicago to work in Schenectady, New York, in public relations for General Electric, where his brother Bernard worked in the research department. Vonnegut was a technical writer but was also known for writing well past his typical hours while working. While in Schenectady, Vonnegut lived in the tiny hamlet of Alplaus, just across the Mohawk River from the city of Schenectady.

Holocaust and Rwanda Genocide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Holocaust and Rwanda Genocide - Essay Example Explanations on the Holocaust featured bureaucratic and/or economic motives and/or wartime pressures (Levene 2000, p.305). The bulk of the data and interpretation of the Holocaust and Rwanda genocide centers on either intentionalist or the functionalist perspectives. For instance, the debate surrounding the root of Holocaust can be explored from two main questions: 1) was there an Adolf Hitler's present master plan to annihilate the Jewish race? Intentionalists assert that there was such a plan, whereas functionalists assert that it was absent. 2) How was Holocaust systematically driven? (By the instructions awarded by Adolf Hitler or deep within the ranks of the bureaucracy). Intentionalists maintain that the scheme came from Adolf Hitler whereas functionalists argue it emanated deep within the lower ranks of the bureaucracy. Discussion The genocide of European Jews mainly referred to as the Holocaust, occurred between 1941 and 1945 whereby close to six million European Jews were an nihilated by the Nazis. From the 1960s following the publication of work such as The Hitler State, several historians disputed the overriding interpretation and outlined that the alleged master plan was, in fact, absent. During the 1970s, proponents of the intentionalist school of thought labeled as â€Å"the straight road to Auschwitz† camp owing to their insistence that Hitler was satisfying a preset programme (Mann 2005, p.180). Proponents of the functionalist school of thought were referred to as â€Å"the twisted road to Auschwitz† camp owing to their insistence that it was the internal power arrangements of the Third Reich that orchestrated the Holocaust. Hence, functionalists/structuralists assert that Holocaust stemmed as part of the functioning of the Nazi state while intentionalists believe that it was Hitler’s intents alone that propelled the Holocaust (Confino2012, p.118). Functionalism also referred to as structuralism and intentionalism represent a historiographical debate centering on the origins of mass murder such as the Holocaust. The two schools of thought avail a historical explanation on decision-making regarding the Nazi Jewish policy (Stone 2012, p.39). One of the approaches focuses on the structure of the Nazi regime and its functioning (functionalist) while intentionalism spotlights Hitler, his ideology, and intentions. The Holocaust: Intentionalist Approach The intentionalists argue that Hitler plus his team were propagating Aryan-race supremacy as they were anti-Semitism as they proposed to wipe them out of the map. As the word suggests, intentionalists place significant interest on the intention of the Nazis, from the outset, detailing the resolve to eliminate Jews by means that ultimately encompasses mass slaughter. This approach elevates the figure of Adolf Hitler and his monomaniacal fanaticism to annihilate the Jewish â€Å"cancer† from Germany and across the whole of Europe (Kershaw 2000, p.40).

INTRO LETTER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

INTRO LETTER - Essay Example I believe that if I give you a breakdown of my typical day, you would better understand how my familial responsibilities have ultimately worked in my favour as a writer. I get up every day at 6 a.m., prepare the children for school and do housework until about 10 a.m. From then until 3 p.m. my time is my own and this time is writing time. Without fail, I go into my small makeshift writing room at 10 a.m. and do not emerge from it until 3 p.m. If I am working on a new concept, I generally spend about 5 days surfing the internet and reading up on it. Following the collection of the necessary data, I enter the development of the concept phase. This entails the exploration of the concept from several perspectives and a critical analysis of all these angels for determination of which one, or combination, I will pursue. After this particular decision is made, I enter the skeleton phase. This entails the drawing up of a skeleton of the project. I construct a comprehensive outline of the project and add details to every point and so know exactly where I am heading and how I am going to get there. The penultimate stage is the fleshing out stage. The writing begins at this point. Following my skeleton, I begin the writing of the project itself. When at this stage I often loose track of the time and often feel that if I donâ₠¬â„¢t adjust my alarm at 3 p.m. I would extend far beyond that. The final phase, the one which I find quite boring, is the revision stage. This entails a tremendous amount of reading through my working, revising, writing and rewriting. It is, however, a necessary stage and the one which distinguishes quality output from less than perfect ones. After the children come home from school, I am generally with them, supervising their homework and preparing supper, until 6 p.m., at which time my husband

The Audit Expectation Gap

The Audit Expectation Gap Introduction The audit expectation gap is critical to the auditing profession because the greater the unfulfilled expectations from the public, the lower is the credibility, earning potential and prestige associated with the work of auditors. The aim of this paper is to uncover the causes of an audit expectation gap. It is revealed that the existence of an audit expectation gap is due to complicated nature of an audit function; conflicting role of auditors; retrospective evaluation of auditors performance; time lag in responding to changing expectation; and self-regulation process of the auditing profession. For decades the auditing profession has been troubled with high levels of litigations and accusations. Such a problem has reached an unprecedented level as a result of the spectacular fall of well-publicized corporations like Enron and WorldCom (Porter Gowthorpe, 2004). Porter (1993) argues that the recent increase in criticism of and litigations against auditors is due to the failure of aud itors to meet societys expectations. The failure of living up to societal expectations have implicated the notion of â€Å"audit expectation gap†. The â€Å"expectations gap† is the difference between what users of financial statements, the general public perceives an audit to be and what the audit profession claim is expected of them in conducting an audit. In this respect, it is important to distinguish between the audit professions expectations of an audit on one hand, and the auditors perception of the audit on the other hand. Apart from users of financial statements and the general public, an auditor may also perceive a somewhat different interpretation or worse still, fail to comply with the standards set by the audit profession. If users of financial statements and the general public were educated to think that the auditors role embraces the detection and prevention of fraud, especially in relation to material items, the fraud and error detection role of an audit could be relatively objective. However, the Auditing Practices Board cannot guarantee absolute objectivity since materiality â€Å"and† material significance are subjective concepts, which require further clarification. A return to the primary role of detection and prevention would also be welcomed since there are at present, not sufficient measures to hold the auditor liable for negative consequences of his actions. Some sources of academic literature assume that the meaning of an audit is not objective/fixed whilst other sources such as contents of audit reports assume that the meaning of an audit is fixed. In relation to the latter assumption, there is the belief that the expectations gap could be significantly reduced if not possible to eliminate. Auditing is increasingly difficult and challenging, with new rules and regulations encouraging, if not requiring, auditors to enhance their efforts to detect fraud during an audit. Unfortunately, these rules and regulations contain terms like â€Å"reasonable,† â€Å"material,† â€Å"professional scepticism,† and â€Å"brainstorming,† whose meanings vary in the minds of different auditors. The â€Å"expectation gap† reflects a perceived difference between what one is expected to accomplish by others and what one personally believes he must accomplish. For example, the airline industry now expects a significant portion of flights to be delayed during the busy summer months. Passengers do not subscribe to this same belief, so when their flights are delayed, this exposes an expectation gap. Auditors face similar challenges when it comes to detecting fraud in an audit. In many instances, they are not sure how much effort must be made to uncover red flags for fraud. More important, they do not always take the appropriate steps to uncover fraud once a red flag surfaces during an audit. Clients, judges, shareholders, and other parties, however, expect auditors to take steps to detect fraud during the audit. They are often displeased when fraud goes undetected and is later uncovered by a tip or accident. The resulting investigation or financial statement restatement creates negative consequences for the company and its employees. The reasons an auditor may fail to identify red flags during an audit include the following: Over reliance on client representations; Lack of awareness or recognition of an observable condition indicating fraud; Lack of experience; Personal relationships with clients; Failure to brainstorm potential fraud schemes and scenarios; and A desire â€Å"not to know.† The expectation gap is driven by two variables: the auditors ability to detect fraud, and the auditors efforts to detect fraud. An auditor may possess the skills to detect fraud, but might choose to take shortcuts or disregard obvious signs of potential fraud. Or, an auditor might use a variety of techniques, but lack the experience to effectively uncover red flags. Both scenarios will broaden the expectation gap. An auditor must develop the requisite skills to detect fraud and obtain sufficient knowledge of the rules and regulations in order to better understand what is required during an audit. Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) 99, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, requires auditors to obtain â€Å"reasonable† assurance that material fraud is not present. The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) standard 1210.A2 requires auditors to possess â€Å"sufficient knowledge† to identify indicators of fraud. Whatever the words â€Å"reasonable† and â€Å"sufficient† mean to auditors will not matter if they fail to detect fraud. The definitions of â€Å"reasonable† and â€Å"sufficient† will be determined by their manager, client, senior management, or the judge or jury in a lawsuit. Developing Fraud Detection Skills Fraud examiners rely on the following tools: Knowledge of specific fraud schemes and scenarios; Knowledge of applicable laws and regulations; Excellent communication skills; and Strong interviewing skills. While auditors cannot be expected to develop these skills to the level of a fraud examiner, they should try to become more proficient through training, hands-on experience, reading the professional literature, brainstorming, and using fraud detection skills during the audit. Training and awareness: All auditors should possess basic knowledge of fraud schemes in order to better position themselves to detect red flags during an audit. Auditors can start by developing a basic understanding of fraud schemes and scenarios, as well as the reasons why people commit fraud. Organizations such as the IIA, the National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts (NACVA), and the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) offer training that provides a basic understanding of the various schemes relating to financial statement fraud, asset misappropriation, and bribery and corruption schemes. Auditors who develop significant fraud-detection skills can choose to pursue certifications such as the ACFEs Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE) and the NACVAs Certified Forensic Financial Analyst (CFFA). In addition, many colleges and universities now offer fraud detection and examination courses as part of their business, accounting, or audit programs. Some schools even offer more advanced degrees in the field of forensic studies. This training typically ranges from a basic one-to-four-hour overview of fraud detection to a three-day comprehensive course, where auditors look for fraud by reviewing case studies, participating in-group sessions, and reviewing actual data. Brainstorming: Brainstorming fraud risks are critical to a successful audit and identifying red flags for fraud. If nothing else, brainstorming will create a mindset for auditors to think like a fraudster, supporting the adage, â€Å"to catch a crook, learn to think like one.† Approximately 50% of all auditors brainstorm fraud risks prior to the start of an audit. Of auditors who use brainstorming as a fraud detection tool, only about half make it a formal process where they document the schemes and identify techniques aimed at uncovering red flags. The other auditors conduct brainstorming on a more informal basis and admit to considering the risk for fraud without formally documenting this consideration. A more formal brainstorming process is necessary to fully benefit from this exercise. For example, auditors could use a spreadsheet and involve a team of at least three auditors. Preferably, the team should consist of a fraud examiner or an auditor experienced in fraud detection. Following these guidelines will make brainstorming more effective: Make it fun and interactive, with everyone participating. Present a fraud case study to stimulate responses. Involve an experienced fraud examiner. Identify previous company frauds in the discussion. Use a facilitator. After the brainstorming session, it is imperative to plan and perform the audit in accordance with the schemes and scenarios identified during the discussion. For example, if procurement fraud was identified as a high-risk area, the audit should include steps to identify red flags. These steps could include the following: Using data analytics to identify suspicious vendors; Reviewing vendor spending for the previous 12 months to identify suspicious patterns, including duplicate payments; Analysing vendors with post office box addresses to find â€Å"ghost vendor† schemes; Comparing employee addresses to vendor addresses for possible matches; Contacting vendors that bid unsuccessfully for contracts, to inquire about the bidding process; and Running a Benfords Law (which predicts the occurrence of digits in data) analysis on vendor invoices to identify suspicious patterns of invoice amounts. Interviewing skills: Auditors should consider effective interviewing as a basic forensic tool to use during an audit. Auditors can benefit from developing a basic awareness of deception and when someone may be lying. Generally, people are cooperative, energetic, receptive, and supportive of an auditors efforts. The auditor should spend the first 15 minutes or so of any discussion with an interviewee building rapport. It is important to watch the persons mannerisms, body language, and overall demeanour. It is also important to listen to an individuals tone of voice, willingness to volunteer information, and style of answering questions. Once an auditor establishes a rapport with the interviewee, she can proceed to the line of questioning associated with the audit. It is at this point that an auditor needs to be aware of any change in verbal or nonverbal behavior. Reducing the Gap The above prescriptions for increasing an auditors ability to detect fraud are undeniably arduous. Fraud detection requires effort and the ability to work hand in hand. Ability is enhanced through experience, training, and effort. Effort is enhanced through solid audit plans, brainstorming, and ability. The challenge to reduce the expectation gap stands before all auditors, internal and external. While the profession has made great strides through legislation, regulation, and audit standards, it must apply this guidance within its own ranks, expending the effort and developing the ability to reduce this gap. Auditors cannot be held responsible for uncovering all types of fraud. Collusive frauds and other intricate schemes are very difficult to uncover. This does not, however, give auditors a blanket excuse to refrain from looking for fraud. Developing the right mindset, embedding forensic procedures, and asking about fraud all increase auditors chances of finding it. Conclusion The auditing profession believes the increase in litigation against, and criticism of auditors can be traced to the audit expectation gap. The audit expectation gap is detrimental to the auditing profession as it has negative influences on the value of auditing and the reputation of auditors in the modern society. It is found that the existence of an audit expectation gap is due to complicated nature of an audit function; conflicting role of auditors; retrospective evaluation of auditors performance; time lag in responding to changing expectation; and self-regulation process of the auditing profession. Given such problematic factors that contribute to the existence of the expectation gap, it is neither the auditors nor users who should be blamed for the â€Å"audit expectation gap† crisis. References Boynton, W., Johnson, R. and Kell, W. (2005). Assurance and the integrity of financial reporting (8th ed.). New York: John Wiley Son, Inc. Chandler RA, Edwards JR and Anderson M, (1993). Changing Perceptions Auditor : 1840 1940, Accounting and Business Research Vol 23 Autumn Davidson, L. (1975). The role and responsibilities of the auditor: Perspective, expectations and analysis. Unpublished background paper for the commission on auditors responsibilities. Gloeck, J.D. and Jager, H. (1993). The audit expectation gap in the republic of South Africa, Working paper, School of Accountancy, University of Pretoria. Lee, T. H and Azham, Md. A. (2008). The evolving role of auditor: Where do we go from here? Accountants Today, (3), 18-22. Leung, P., Coram, P., Cooper, B., Cosserat. G. and Gill. G.. (2004). Modern Auditing Assurance Service (2nd ed.). Australia: John Wiley Sons. Miller, R.D. (1986). Governmental oversight of the role of the auditors. The CPA Journal, (9), 20-26. Porter, B. and Gowthorpe, C. (2004). Audit expectation-performance gap in the United Kingdom in 1999 and comparison with the Gap in New Zealand in 1989 and in 1999. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland Edinburgh. Shaked, A. and Sutton, J. (1982). Imperfect information, perceived quality and the formation of professional groups. Journal of Economic Theory, 27, 170-181.

The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle :: English Literature

The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Examine how Conan Doyle establishes the setting for the novel in the opening four chapters. How effective do you consider this to be? â€Å"The Hound of the Baskervilles† was written in 1902 when the detective genre had been established in England for around 50 years, by authors such as Wilkie Collins and James Anderson who published â€Å"Murder She Wrote†. Arthur Conan Doyle contributed to the development of this genre by creating Sherlock Holmes & Dr.Watson in a range of popular short stories released in magazines. He was one of the most significant, influential authors to this genre as he created the most famous detective, in fiction, in Sherlock Holmes. Sherlock Holmes was first introduced in â€Å"A Study in Scarlet† which was published in 1887; this won a lot of success and meant that Holmes featured as a main character in future stories and novels written by Doyle. Doyle, born in Edinburgh, Scotland began practicing medicine in 1882; his knowledge from his education comes through in his writing and there are many references to scientific sources. This gave his writing a new dimension and was new for readers at the time which perhaps even contributing to the popularity of his writing. In â€Å"The Hound of the Baskervilles† Doyle establishes the setting through five main aspects. These are a sense of time, places, genre, the plot and characters. An important aspect of the setting is how Doyle presents the main characters, their relationships and personalities. Doyle introduces 4 of the main characters in the opening chapters and begins to establish their relationships most noticeably between Holmes and Watson. The main characters are Holmes, Watson, Dr. Mortimer, the Baskerville family and of course the hound itself. These different characters are introduced in different chapters through different methods. This is for a number of reasons; to differentiate them, to let each of them have a different impact in the novel and because of the tradition from previous stories containing some of the characters. Holmes and Watson are not described in great detail but introduced in the opening chapters through their dialogue. Doyle did this as he didn’t need to introduce them in more depth as they had already been well established to the readers through other short stories in which they appeared before â€Å"The Hound of the Baskervilles†. Readers at the time already had a sense of their personalities and physical features through their earlier introductions. Holmes and Watson have a strong relationship in the novel which is shown by the way they talk to each other, their actions and the way they both try to solve the crime.

On Face Work Essay

The article â€Å" On Face-Work,† by Erving Goffman, focused on meanings of face, the image of self that individual presents, in a world of social encounters. Once an individual give out his positive self-image to others, should or should not present that oneself-image depend on how he feel about the encounter between him and other participants. When someone is inconsistent with how he projects himself in the society, he may be feel embarrassment or discredited; therefore, the individual protect himself of unfavorable way to others. Face is image of self portray have been expressed to others see and consider. Emotions and feelings become attached to the particular face; so he may have feel good, feel bad or being hurt depends on how his face expresses and how the encounter products. He â€Å"feels good† if the situation proceeds on the way, which he expected to be, whereas if his expectations are not fulfill, his feeling turns bad. Beside, â€Å"rule of the group and the definition of the situation† determine importance in how face and image of self are viewed because it is not only response to others, but one’s own emotion lead encounter. What someone say, or how they say it can change how a face is seen from another eyes. So, a person may implicate his own immediate and spontaneous face, which creates image and feeling itself without conscious considerations, to other participants. Internally consistent face, involves judgments and evidence from other, is one whereby the person is in maintain face. It is not only actions of one person, but also the view of participants â€Å"in the flow of events in the encounter†; that is maintained. Someone said to be wrong face when information that comes from external source is inconsistent to his face. Alternately, the person may be out of face when he has no line to show up in certain situation, even though they are in contact with others. When people are in wrong face or out of face, some may feel shame, interiority, or they may have bad feeling; some may keep presenting an impression of confident. Those who know how to control embarrassments called poise. There are several methods for prevent to threats to the face. Avoidance, one of the basic kinds of face-work, process by changing the topic of conversation and acting as the threatening expression has no occurred at all. Once someone change an encounter into inconsistence, another kind of defensive measure, he action or resources to keep of or away from activities. Protection maneuvers- â€Å"a person shows respect, politeness, making sure to extend to other any ceremonial treatment†. When someone loses control of his expression during encounter, he can turn away or time out for moment. For example, two people are in conversation and one turn to mad, to control the temper of encounter, another decide to leave him or his active for a moment to give him time to calm down; so they can avoid fighting. Ritual disequilibrium or disgrace, one or more participants find themselves in an established. Ritual means the system of ceremonies, respect, or acting with symbolic component. Interchange is the sequences of acts set in motion that re-establishment of ritual equilibrium. For example: Marry collide to David in the small hallway, A says, â€Å" Excuse me† and then B replies â€Å" Sure†. Those speeches are corrective ritual. There are four classic moves. First, the challenge, participants take on responsibility to the misconduct. The second move is offering, the offender is given chance to correct to correct or restore equilibrium. The acceptance will been occur after the first and second move had been made. The person to whom can satisfy or re-establish the order of offense. Finally, thanks, the fourth move, provide model for ritual behavior, but deviation from model may include refusing to change. Those parts may fit better when interact together than separate into conscious ones. Lack of effort by one may be met with inducible compensative effort from others. Simultaneous apology is the chances for this happen. Many offenders and offended simultaneously attempt to an apology to reduce their criminal. Resolution of situation- the first requirement is more important than apportioning of blame- typically a secondary consideration. There are many more other protect individual. A participant appreciates a delicate situation and to do or say the most fitting thing for different reasons with saving his own face and the face of other, called tact. Then, â€Å"tacit cooperation will naturally arise so that the participants together can meet shared but different objectives. † One of common tacit cooperation is face saving. Face saving refer to maintaining a good self-image, defense his own face and protect the other. People who make a mistake or involve in conflict know they are wrong often not admit that they are wrong to avoid embarrassing remonstrance. Another form of tacit cooperation is reciprocal self-denial. A person just accepts apportionment of judgment during the occasion without having clear idea about it. Negative bargaining means participates try to make a trade to other side. For example, they try to pay a lunch for other like: â€Å" Let me pay for this one† or â€Å" No, I could not. It is my turn. † Therefore, tacit agreement is someone willing to abide, to help others perform theirs. Without ritual, socialization could not organize or worth as it is. Self, the image was expressed from the social interaction that creates face of person. Or the self can understand as play the game or set of ritual. When the person make the mistake that against himself, the person have the prerogative to for give the event is not he, it must be the other participants, who are â€Å"exercise it only in his interests or in the interests of the undertaking. † Much of activity in the encounter occur base on the understanding and effort of all participants, not only individual. And if the relationships are in the process of change that mean the encounter has been satisfied. The author’s point in this article is to allow the reader to understand the concept of face such as commitment, maintenance of face, poise, and how to deal with social process in social relationship, interaction, and encounter. The meaning of word face is the positive social value of person claim. He considers emotion, feelings, embarrassment, confidence, and give examples; make these as a part of his analysis of social face. Goffman also focus on the produces and processes of many kind of face-work like ritual, corrective process, avoidance process, and control embarrassment. He is also conscious and attributes meaning to symbol and action of other. What someone says or how someone acts can always change how face in the other eyes. Therefore, how the encounter goes is depend on everyone’s part to understanding, effort to get through the occasion. The Sociological perspective that I am applying to this article is the Symbolic Interactionist Paradigm. Because this perspective is micro sociology- how face-to-face interaction create the social world, and how face presenting interacts between participants in encounter. Face, image of self is like language sign that others would understand your felling as you express. Any emotions in your face tell others help you avoid bad situation. Being polite attitude is a sign of peace; in contrast, being cocky or angry face would start a fight and probably put you danger. Two people are in conversation and one turn to mad, to control the temper of encounter, another decide to leave him or his active for a moment to give him time to calm down; so they an avoid fighting. As if you blurt out of words during conversation, your action and how you express your face after that would affect your friends to whether forgive or not. The emotion present in your face would reflect the way people judge you. After reading the article â€Å"On Face Work,† I learned many ways to prevent an incident in which lead your relationship downhill. I believe people can understand each other through by looking at others’ emotion and guess their thinking without any word. I think there are some people express their motion and cause many trouble for them.

Hitler Fell.. essays

Hitler Fell.. essays Many aspects of World War Two have been the cause for debate for many years. Not only has the loss of Germany been discussed at great lengths, also have the reasons. It can be said that although much thought and fact has been taken into consideration when discussing Germany's loss as a whole; not as much attention has been given to that of the loss of Hitler as a man and a leader. Germany's loss of World War Two was not only a loss on behalf of the country as a whole, but a personal loss to Hitler. Why was this such a loss to Hitler? Why did he experience a personal downfall? How did he create his own demise? There are many reasons as to why this is so, but the fact that his ideas were behind the war is a reason why it was not only Germany's downfall, but Hitler's also. He was a man of influence in Germany; the timing was right, and he was in the hot spot. He was the leader of a highly populated European country, he wanted more for himself and for his people. He had ideas , he made decisions based on them. What were his ideas? What was behind them, what did he intend them to accomplish? Where did they lead, and how did this lead to a countrywide and worldwide loss, and even a personal loss? In discussing some of Hitler's ideas such as, lebensraum (which ties in with treaty issues), purity of the state of Germany and a zeal for his people and the desire to make changes for the betterment of his country; it will be seen that although his ideas might have been initally pure, they led to the war, the downfall of Germany and ultimately Hitler's own personal demise. What were his ideas? What were his visions for a more pure Germany? What did he want for his people, for himself? Firstly, today, Hitler is seen as a white supremacist. He wanted all of Germany to be pure. Why was this so? In Germany at the time, the economic status of the country was not very good. Hitler saw the Jews as to be shrewd business people who ...

Lord of the Flies Irony essays

Lord of the Flies Irony essays I stayed up late searching through my novel last Wednesday night for examples of irony in Lord of the Flies, only to find out the next morning that our in class essay was about a confidant in the novel. This is an example of irony, or two contrasting ideas that fail to meet an expectation. In William Goldings Lord of the Flies, Golding applies situational and verbal irony as a means to show the reader on how the inner evil of the individual can significantly possess society with no regard to institution or structure. Golding uses symbolism to coincide with the theme of how the person rules the civilization and not how the civilization rules the person. Examples throughout the novel show how values are contrasted with what the author sees as an inner evil we all possess. One clear example of irony in the novel is when Jack, one of the savage boys on the island, is hesitant to kill a pig in the beginning while he is out exploring the island. I was going to, said Jack. He was ahead of them, and they could not see his face. I was choosing a place. Next time-! The reader looks back on this example after reading the novel and can see how ironic the transition of this characters morals have become. He starts out as Jack the English boy in a uniform from a civil society and ends up with a mask and an identity no one can distinguish as he became a savage. It is ironic that Jack did not kill the pig because of the unbearable blood, but by the end of the story he does not question the morality of murder. He wants to kill pigs, he wants to kill humans, and he does not flinch at these concepts. Jack and the other boys try to kill Ralph near the end of the story and in order to find him, they set the island on fire to smoke him out. It is ironic that in the conquest for destruction and murder of one, they manage to save Ralph an ...

Markting 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Markting 3000 - Essay Example For example, IPhone functions depend on the mobile network such as GSM, GPRS, EDGE, 3G, Call, SMS etc. Without these features there is not much use of IPhone and hence by distributing IPhone through AT & T, Apple is enhancing the value and use of IPhone for consumers. Similarly, the value chain for customers buying online is that segment of market which resides outside the USA. Hence, they cannot use AT & T in their country, so it much feasible for them to buy IPhone online and use it in their country on their choice of mobile network. The value they get from buying online is cheaper product as compared to if it bought from AT & T. The return value channel will be reselling IPhone back to Apple, which will refurbish them and then sell them again in the market at a higher price. The reverse value will be that when people buy refurbish sets they will know that the product is being checked by Apple itself and hence it will be more reliable than other second hand IPhones available in the market. This will result in refurbished IPhones selling at a higher price as result of reverse

To what extent was there a 'step change' in Britain's relationship Essay

To what extent was there a 'step change' in Britain's relationship with the EU in 1997 - Essay Example ion assists nations in establishment of steady and flourishing democracies, and it reduces the chance of a country in Europe becoming a rouge state, by developing solid reconciliation between the conflicting parties in a country. Therefore, the paper will develop counter arguments to discuss the extent of â€Å"step change† in the relations of Britain with EU during the period between 1997 and 2005. The â€Å"step change† initiative was characterized by Blair as a term refereeing to adaptation of the New Labor to a practical European policy. Moreover, there were other terms referring to the same initiative such as Blair’s active promotion of EU expansion; thus, this implies that the government became responsive to affairs concerning the European, thereby dealing with issues like Convention on the Future of Europe. In fact, aim was to arise, instead of leading though the initiatives of the government policy2. The government had international priorities and not European since the themes were running during the entire period, hence raising the concern of whether Britain was seeking eschew from the euro before 1997. Europe segregated the British labor party for a period of sixty years, compared to the conservatives who offer support in the process of the integration, though the Prime Minister, Attlee was faced with opposition. Moreover, the history of Britain would be expunged after joining the Common Market, and the Labor Prime Minister Harold Wilson had pragmatic reasons for his willingness to absorb Britain since it had lost the role as a leader in the world and due to deterioration of its economy. Therefore, by 1960, the leadership of the party would have resolved their differences on Europe relating to the segments of labor ranks and files while there was hostility by the labor movement to the notion of membership to the community of capitalist, since there was fear of increasing rates of unemployment3. In 1970, Britain took on a stance against the EU through