Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Teens and Young Adults

It had been a long week at school. I arrive on Friday morning feeling awful. Thankfully, there were only seven more dreadful hours until I was done. The second the 8th period bell rang, I quickly grabbed my belongings from my locker and got into the comfort of my car. I was driving with the heat on medium, the music on low volume, and both hands on the steering wheel. The next thing I know, I felt a heavy thump as my car had drifted into the rear driver-side door of a Toyota Sienna in the lane to my left. I had dozed off. It was only when I saw the two young children in the back of the minivan that I realized this situation could have been a whole lot worse. Not to mention that this was my fourth car accident since getting my license, and†¦show more content†¦Moreover, those who suffer from delayed sleep phase disorder typically have a difficult time dealing with daily commitments, particularly those which begin early in the morning such as school and work. Unquestionably, it would be a huge benefit to anyone who suffers from DSPD to take the necessary measures in order to correct his or her circadian rhythm so that a full night’s sleep can become a daily necessity. Conspicuously, there are numerous excuses as to why a teen or young adult would deprive themselves of sleep. Whether it is caused by a jam-packed schedule or some type of sleeping disorder, the issue needs to be addressed and measures need to be taken so that they, once again, are able get a proper night’s sleep. There are two distinct sides that researchers take when it comes to helping teens and young adults get enough sleep. The most prevalent is when the sleep deprived person tries to fix their sleep issues on their own or with the help of their family or doctor. Commonly used practices include consuming over the counter or prescription sleeping medication; making sure one sticks to a regular sleep schedule, even on the weekends; avoiding naps; and avoiding stimulating and stressful activities near bedtime, this includes exercise and anything that involves a backlit screen, such as a computer or TV (Saisan, Smith, Robinson Segal, 2013). If a person truly has the desire to help themselves by going to sleep and waking up at normal hours, heShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Frank Bruni s Today s Exhausted Superkids 863 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"super† teens becoming exhausted on the high school or college campus in his article, â€Å"Today’s Exhausted Superkids†. He supports his main idea by using details of teenagers trying to outrule each other. Bruni begins the article by discussing how sleep needs to be a top priority in students’ lives. Bruni makes very valid points while writing about society’s push for students to become more involved in extracurricular and advanced classes, while also suggesting why more than seven hours of sleep is neededRead MoreBenefits Of Living A Healthy Lifestyle Essay983 Words   |  4 Pagesaspects that are most beneficial to a healthy life include sleep, diet and nutrition, and exercise. To live a healthy life starts at a young age. Living a healthy lifestyle when young is beneficial f or adult life. One important aspect that is beneficial to adult health is sleep. Not getting the correct amount of sleep has immediate effects that are often overlooked. One important effect is the lack of energy. [If someone gets fewer hours of sleep one night, instead of the correct amount, their energyRead MoreOn Some School Nights, I Have A Rough Time Trying To Fall1052 Words   |  5 Pagesfactors were resulted by the lack of sleep, or sleep deprivation. Many more harmful problems can result from sleep deprivation, such as sleep disorders, difficulty driving, and physical and mental effects on students. In which case, students wouldn’t want sleep deprivation affecting their academic grades and education in school. Therefore, students in high school should be allowed to sleep for a longer period of time on school nights or else sleep deprivation will affect the students’ education andRead MoreThe Affects Sleep Loss Can Have On Your Body Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pages Sleep is t he key to success in our world today. It there a certain amount of sleep needed? Can different methods help people get enough sleep? As simple as these two questions may seem there is an infinite amount of answers that could be given. People do not always get the proper amount of sleep their body needs to function properly. There are many ways it can affect a life and not in a positive way. Multiple people may think that there is a certain amount of sleep you need but really there is notRead MoreRunning Head:Sleep Deprivation1329 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: SLEEP DEPRIVATION ​ 1 Sleep Deprivation Adolescent Development St. Joeseph’s College Professor McCambley 05/08/2017 Stephanie Lino  Sleep Deprivation ​Sleep deprivation can effect development in a multitude of ways; it could be mental, emotional, or even physical. In some ways sleep deprivation is a very dangerous issue that can cause adolescents to have decreasedRead MoreSleep Deprivation In Adolescents. Sleep Is Very Important.1741 Words   |  7 PagesSleep Deprivation in Adolescents Sleep is very important. Many people have probably heard this many times, but often they do not realize how important it really is, especially for adolescents. A scary statistic from the National Sleep Foundation states that driving as a sleep deprived individual is equivalent to driving with a BAC (Blood Alcohol Content) of around 0.08%. Additionally, annually more than 100,000 accidents happen because of sleep deprived drivers(â€Å"Teens and Sleep†, p.1). Some peopleRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Health809 Words   |  4 Pagesdoes sleep affect health? Studies show that the body needs to receive 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night. Many people especially in college, may only get half of this amount. Sleep deprivation is very common in the United States. What exactly is sleep deprivation you may ask yourself? Sleep deprivation is when you do not get a satisfactory amount of sleep. Effects of sleep deprivation are fatigue, weight gain/loss, and reaction time. Sleep deprivation is very common among teens and young adults. ItRead MoreSmartphone Addiction Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesis a difficult task to accomplish. Dr. Dimitri Christakis, a director for the Center of Child Health, Behavior, and Development at Seattle Children’s Hospital conducted a study on screen usage by young children and identified possible effects on their development. When asked about the different effects portable technology has on children he answers, â€Å"This is about what could they be doing that they aren’t, whether it’s singing, reading, or going outside to play. Even if someone developed the perfectRead MoreTeen Texting1524 Words   |  7 PagesTexting and Teens in the Media So the news is we have indefinitely entered a new zone of communication in the twenty-first century. â€Å"They do it at night when their parents are asleep. They do it in restaurants and while crossing the streets. They do it in the classroom with their hands behind their back. They do it so much their thumbs hurt.†(Hafner) Texting and teens has become a cause for concern. The stereotype of young chatty teens spending hours on the phone has faded. The interactionsRead MoreCauses Of Sleep Deprivation And Its Effects2487 Words   |  10 PagesMay, 2015 The Causes of Sleep Deprivation and Its Effects Do you know the importance of sleep? Do you know what sleep deprivation can do to you? Sleep deprivation is a terrible disorder that is caused by a lack of sleep. When you are up all night watching TV, or at work late and get home late but have to get up soon to start your day you are on the path of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is a consequence of not sleeping, which results in bad health. Sleep deprivation is a serious problem because

The Psychology Of Suffering Is It Morally Corrupt, Or...

The Psychology of Suffering The image the general public constructs when discussing torturers is apathetic, morally corrupt, or mentally ill. Contrary to the public beliefs, the frightening reality is that a trio of instructor, torturer, and a need of information could resort to torture (Vos 288). The lack of legality has hindered and morphed the methods of torture and its frequency throughout history but has never achieved elimination. In the beginning of human civilization, the ancient rulers set up criminal procedures that demonstrates a low stage of intellectual development. The criminal procedure included the process known as the â€Å"Judgement of God,† which includes these brutal methods: whoever can hold their arms in the form of a cross the longest, thrust their arm in to a pot of boiling water without being forced to, walk through flames and fire without scorched limbs, or when opposite limbs [right arm to left leg] are tied together then thrown into a pool or stream ; whoever survives is the just party (Wellings 193). The legal system pairs with the stage of intellectual development of the human race (Wellings 193-194). The ability and inclination to torture has evolved using fear, anxiety, and social withdrawal throughout history and cultures. Physical torture was implemented in judicial law in several cultures using similar methods until the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms Article 3 in 1950. Information Extraction is the main cause toShow MoreRelatedThe Realm Of Hungry Ghosts Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesphysician, who is also a neurologist, psychiatrist, and psychologist, but who specializes in the study and treatment of addiction, reveals revolutionary evidence pertaining to addiction. In Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside, Dr. Mate worked with patients suffering chronic drug addiction for 12 years. With 20 years of experience as a family practitioner, Dr. Mate is a renowned speaker and teacher throughout North America; sharing his extensive knowledge with diverse audiences including health care professionalsRead MoreThe And Social Context Of Europe During A Post World War II Environment1900 Words   |  8 Pagesdefined as the ability to treat something that cannot be owned or that everyone has a right to like a product that can be bought and sold. Furthmore, â€Å"many Marxist insights into human behavior involve the damaging effects of capitalism on human psychology, and those damaging effects often appear in our relationship to the commodity. For Marxism, a commdity’s value lies not in what it can do (use value) but in the money or other commodities for which it can be traded (exchange value) or in the socialRead Moreshakespeare influences16068 Words   |  65 Pagesparadigms reflects an influence gleamed from Shakespeare tragic protagonists. The characters most clearly reflect Shakespearean elements are Quentin Compson. In The Sound and the Fury shares the introspecti ve qualities of Hamlet struggling to in the corrupt world while Jason Compson, with his irrational drive for control at all costs especially over Caddy s daughter. Thomas Sutpen in Absalom Absalom! owner and founder of the plantation Sutpen Hundred, in Yoknapatawpha Country. Married to Ellen Coldfield;Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManagement Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improvin g Customer ServiceRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagescant? Or can you show that her reasoning isnt any good? One way to support a statement is to point out that the person making it is an expert. So you think about Juanitas and Emilios credentials. Lets see—Juanita is a student majoring in psychology, and Emilio is a communications major and works at a pet store. Does that make them authorities on Giardia and the safety of drinking water? No. So if you need an expert, you will have to search elsewhere. But you ask yourself: Is it really worthRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesto be an accident? 5. Does the state have the right to force continued existence on those who don’t want to live? 6. What is the value of death prior to society’s perspective on personal values? 7. Should the doctor have sympathy for the woman’s suffering, or should he care more about what society might think? 8. Is helping to end another’s life ever a responsible act of cooperation? 9. Can only God decide when a person’s life should end? 10. What values has the doctor set for himself in his own personal

Monetary Policy Including Exchange Rate and Employment Levels

Questions: 1.Using your home country as a case study outline and analyse inflation, unemployment and growth trends. Identify what range of the aggregate supply curve your country is operating in. 2.Explain how monetary policycan influence an economy, includingExchange Rate and employment levels? Answers: 1. Evaluations prompt that Indian aggregate supply is adaptable yet subject to extreme dazes. In case supply staggers make a high persistent duty to expansion, it recommends second round pass through is going on, proposing advancement has touched base at its potential. It simply thusly happens supply shocks by and large clear up development. Growth was a result of different supply staggers, rather than second round effects. They show a two percent have a poor opinion of potential yield prompts a 50 reason point move in methodology rates. This study examinations India's growth using the Phillips twist assumption. In India, the wrong estimation of variables causes much inconvenience in evaluating the Phillips curve. In the midst of the period 2008 to 2011, a mixof disagreeable supply staggers and overheating of economy achieved an inflationary situation. One of the genuine weights on India's macroeconomic air copying the overall budgetary fiasco is a painfully irregular condition of de velopment. The microeconomic components are basically supply side issues, while the macroeconomic variables relate to the achievement of premium organization through budgetary and cash related techniques. Most cash related game plan organizations respond to yield fissure and to deviations of expansion from some tasteful worth (Wassmer, 2000). For a low-pay economy encountering huge change, encountering a time of compensate for lost time improvement; potential yield can be portrayed as full occupation at the benefit level that can pass on a core pay level. Achieving this potential yield requires kept up high improvement. For transient macroeconomic plan potential advancement is the imperative measure of the yield cleft, even while potential yield, and likewise the past peak potential improvement, must be recognized as a long term target. While potential yield may be modestly relentless, potential improvement, which depends on upon erratic parts like wander, sways more. Inconsistent t rick swelling in light of passing thing worth staggers can't, then again, can be used to reason potential yield. Focus development itself can moreover reflect pass through of cost weights from a temporary supply stagger rather than plenitude interest. Monetary and money related risk examination is a strategy that enables us to complete up the measure of threat there is in enduring or rejecting an unequivocal employment. We can moreover use it to remain up in correlation the possible result of two or more choice undertakings. It is a basic strategy because it allows us to use data that is undecided to get occurs that are a tolerable picture of the intelligent results. Every one point of interest cost exhibit frequently has a couple of variables that are subject to defenselessness. At close, India have three purchaser worth records that record for three separate get-togethers, viz., agrarian specialists, nation laborers and mechanical workers. Other than these, the wholesale esteem ru ndown is also used to evaluate swelling. Regardless of the way that the governing body has thought about a CPI for the country when all is said in done, the data is available just from 2010. Each pay group passes on proportional weight in the CCPI. Figure 1 shows the association graph of the various measures of advancement. There are different frameworks to gage the yield gap, yet there is no speculative accord on how the whole should be surveyed. In observational macro showing, the yield gap is a key and principal variable. While there is huge research on assessing the yield gap, for all intents and purpose economists use distinctive techniques for estimation. As communicated former, different studies have assessed the yield opening for India by using the HP system, which does not yield tried and true yield crevice gages (Franses, 1998). Most importantly consider work. So work is not a limit on improvement, and high advancement is grateful to expend work open. We collect potential yield and advancement from the information variables in a total creation limit. Climbing benefit and the potential comfort of work and cash, induce aggregate supply is flexible in the more developed run. 2. In India, against nature of constant improvement and coordination of budgetary markets both locally and with the worldwide economy the part of rate directs in impacting financial conditions has expanded generally in the later past as opposed to the selective strength of the quantum channel amid the 1980s. This paper events to develop a money related conditions record (MCI) for India with a specific end goal to take both premium rate and swapping scale channels on the double into thought while assessing the stance of financial strategy and advancing fiscal conditions. A "wide" MCI has likewise been built which consolidates acknowledge development as an extra dial of money related conditions. Our results uncover investment rate to be more essential than swapping scale in impacting fiscal conditions in India. In the Indian setting, MCI has been powerful to accumulate more than one marker to give a superior appraisal of the stance of financial strategy and uncovers its part as a mai n pointer of monetary action and swelling. As needs be, our discoveries highlight the capability of MCI as a significant dial of money related strategy in India supplementing the current set of different pointers embraced by the fiscal power (Shavell, 1987). Money related combination has reshaped fiscal arrangement structures and show diverts in developing markets over the recent years. Both fleeting and long haul premium rates in developing business economies (Emes) have ended up more interested to outside budgetary conditions. One essential channel for the project of outer elements on fiscal arrangement is the swapping scale. The current environment of climbing expansion and cash pleasure weights in numerous Emes represents a specific test, as fiscal arrangement now confronts a more troublesome exchange off between value security and conversion scale dependability. To be sure, numerous national banks highlight the expanded impact of outside stuns in figuring local financial approa ch in their gifts to this gathering. Against this foundation, this paper examines the intentions in balancing out ostensible trade rates in developing markets; how far national banks can bear on a focus for the genuine swapping scale over the medium term; how the thoughts of long-run balance trade rates impact fiscal approach techniques; and how financial arrangement structures and real choices could join conversion standard developments. The talk is focused around national bank papers distributed in this volume and survey reactions readied for this gathering, and in addition our own particular investigation, with an attention on the period from 2007 to ahead of schedule 2011. The fundamental discoveries of our paper are as per the following. Initially, at minimum since 2009, national banks in developing markets have been dealing with the estimation of their monetary standards all the more successfully by means of some mix of store amassing, strategy premium rates and authoritative measures. Second, thought processes in affecting trade rates shift crosswise over locales, reflecting worries about expansive capital streams, undesired overflows from swings in international danger abhorrence and long run outer intensity (Manne, 1961). Third, more dynamic money administration puts a premium on our understanding of balance trade rates, ideas of which are still hard to characterize conceptually and observationally. At last, approach rates and conversion standard adaptability are basic devices in tending to the difficulties confronting EME national banks today, yet there is no assent yet on how best to consolidate swapping scales developments into financial understanding structures. Along these lines, MCI embodies the degree of inner and outside impacts on the general fiscal states of a nation. Higher the weight of the investment rate with respect to that of the swapping scale in the MCI, more noteworthy is the vitality of the previous in respect to the recent in impa cting total request or costs. The ascent in investment rate or joy of the trade rates of the residential cash, ceteris paribus, causes the economy to ease off and brings down inflationary weights. A fall in investment rates or a depreciation of the residential cash, then again, for the most part invigorates the economy, yet with the likelihood of higher inflationary weights over the long haul. The change in MCI, accordingly, catches in a solitary number the level of tightening or facilitating of the financial conditions (Bishop, 1978). This paper endeavors to build MCI in the Indian setting as a marker supplementing the current set of data variables (under the various pointer methodology received by the Reserve Bank of India since 1998) utilized in recognizing the wellsprings of changes in fiscal conditions. Moreover, it is likewise anticipated that will give a gage on the relative imperativeness of investment rates and conversion standard in the transmission instrument of money rel ated arrangement in India. A large portion of the searching works identified with the conversion standard to India's. The vast majority of the accessible deals with the India's conversion scale have been attempted just as of late. On the other hand, in this paper, some vital exploration lives up to outlook attempted lately which are nearly joined with the present study are investigated. References Anderson, J. and Wassmer, R. (2000). Bidding for business. Kalamazoo, Mich.: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. Connor, G., Goldberg, L. and Korajczyk, R. (2010). Portfolio risk analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Das, S. (2007). Microeconomics for business. Los Angeles: SAGE. Drucker, P. (1964). Managing for results. New York: Harper Row. Franses, P. (1998). Time series models for business and economic forecasting. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Gates, B. and Hemingway, C. (1999). Business @ the speed of thought. New York, NY: Warner Books. Lovett, R. and Bishop, E. (1978). Manuscripts in Baker Library. Boston: Baker Library. Manne, A. (1961). Economic analysis for business decisions. New York: McGraw-Hill. Shavell, S. (1987). Economic analysis of accident law. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Walker, D. (1978). An economic analysis of foreign exchange risk. [London]: Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.

The Set-up by Paul Erdman Essay Example

The Set-up by Paul Erdman Essay With The Set-up, Paul Erdman has written a financial thriller that is exciting, educational, and hard to put down. Erdmans novel involves an extremely complicated plot that requires a fair bit of knowledge about the modern world banking economy to be understood. Fortunately, Erdman not only knows what he is writing about, he is able to make the reader understand, or at least think he or she understands the economic concept and investment instruments that drive the plot.The novel takes place at a time contemporary with its publication, 1997. Charles Black, the recently resigned Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board of the United States is arrested by the Swiss police while trying to enter Switzerland to attending a meeting of the board members of the Bank of International Settlements (BIS). Black had been the Chairman for four years, presumably since the retirement of Alan Greenspan in approximately 1993. Two members of the Board, Dr. Samuel Schweizer of both the Swiss National Bank a nd the BIS, and Sir Robert Neville, the English member of the BIS of fraud and using insider information for his own personal gain. Penalties for the crimes Black is accused of run from five to forty years. From the title page Erdman lets the reader know that Black is innocent. Shortly thereafter it becomes clear that Black, known for being an honest man who has a habit of offending people by firing them when they are incompetent has been abandoned by everyone except for his extremely attractive wife, Sally Black. The bulk of the book is spent detailing the trouble Black is in based on the strict efforts of the Swiss to prosecute, if not persecute Black, the history that led up to the arrest, and resolving the threat to Charles Black.Typically the directors of the BIS meet periodically on a weekend in Basel, Switzerland. They meet informally on their own on Saturday where they are free to unofficially discuss that their respective countries intend to do to adjust interest rates and inflation in the near future. The following day they meet formally with a precise record of the business transacted that is publicly released. Those framing Black use this information gleaned on Saturday to successfully invest in derivatives while leaving a tortuous, but well-documented trail that eventually leads back to Charles Black (Erdman).Erdman does an excellent job of explaining financial terms. Derivatives, as used in The Set-Up are essentially monetary futures. A person investing in derivatives pays for the right to buy a currency, United States dollars or Euros, for example, at some future time for a particular price. If the value of the currency increases, due to a reduction in interest rates, the purchaser of the futures makes money by purchasing the currency at a discounted price. Similarly, if the interest rate goes up, the value of the money will fall in relation to other currencies so exercising the right to purchase would result in a loss. Consequently, if an indiv idual with capital to invest and insider knowledge of how interest rates will go, has a decided advantage (Erdman 27).Another term, essential to understanding The Set-up is the Bank for International Settlements or BIS. The BIS was founded in 1931 to facilitate intergovernmental financial transactions (Erdman 25). It was designed to help Germany with the extreme reparation charges that were invoked at the end of World War I. Since that time its activities expanded to help member governments bridge financial crises during the 1930s and subsequently. Member countries include most of Western Europe, the United States and Japan.Erdman is well-qualified to write a financial thriller. He has written eight prior financial thrillers that have been best sellers. According to the flyleaf he is also a financial writer, an international financier, and a founder of a Swiss bank in California. According to the flyleaf on his first book The Billion Dollar Sure Thing he also spent ten months as a p risoner in a Swiss prison in Basel because of the failure of the bank he started. It is no surprise then that he has a strong anti-Swiss bias based on his own experience as well as strong feelings about the behavior of the Swiss during World War II especially in regard to the banking of gold stolen by the Nazis and deposited in Swiss banks during the war (Erdman).All in all Erdman has writer an excellent novel. It is engaging despite the reader knowing the innocence of protagonist. It is extremely readable despite the complexity of the financial terms. Erdmans explanations of the intricacies of the world financial community are generally easy to understand. It is evident that Erdman has been known as writing detailed explanations that are at times pedantic. In The Set-Up Erdman appears to poke fun of himself when he has Sir Robert Neville, the English representative to the BIS rehearse not only the facts of the case, but provide a brief lecture on international banking that helps th e reader but evidently irritates the Belgian representative when he has him whisper to his Dutch colleague, [h]e thinks hes still lecturing to undergraduates at Cambridge (Erdman 27). This book is well worth reading and is to be recommended to thriller and mystery readers.

hipaa violations Essays - Health Informatics,

There all kinds of HIPAA violation cases out there. Whether they violate the security, administrative, or technical safeguards data breaches often occur within certain parameters. Some HIPAA violation types are: A individual didn?t know they violated HIPAA and for that can get a fined a minimum penalty of $100 and a maximum fine of They had thousands of Minnesota patient?s personal health information which they shouldn?t have had access to. The company is being sued because they failed to disclose to the patients how their records were being used, and they failed to protect their records. The lawsuit seeks to stop accretive from containing data collections. OCR investigated UCLA Health System after receiving complaints from two celebrity patients. The investigation showed that from 2005-2008 unauthorized employees repeatedly looked at electronic protected health information of many UCLAHS patients. The investigation also showed that they failed to supply sufficient security measures. If you believe that a covered entity violated your or someone?s health information privacy rights or committed another violation of the privacy of security rule, you file a complaint with OCR. OCR can investigate complaints against covered entities. A covered entity is a health plan, health care clearing house, any health care provider that conducts certain health care transaction electronically. When you file a complaint you must file in writing, either on paper or electronically by mail, fax, or e-mail. You must name the covered entity involved and describe the acts or omissions you believe violated the requirements of the privacy or security rule and it must be filed within 180 days of when you know that the act or omission complained of occurred. OCR may extend the 180-day period if you can show good cause. Anyone can file a complaint alleging a violation of privacy or security rule. Under HIPAA an entity cannot retaliate against you for filing a complaint. You should notify OC R immediately in the event any retaliatory actions occur. Here is five ways to avoid HIPAA violations in the social media. 1.Don?t talk about patients, even in general terms. It is not worth your time an example of this would be don?t post things like had a patient in the ER last night with alcohol-induced liver disease. It takes only a couple clues to piece together. 2.Don?t talk about conditions, treatments or research. 3.Avoid posting things on media sites like Facebook, twitter, and MySpace. 4.Don?t be anonymous, if you wouldn?t say it in the elevator, don?t put it online. 5.Don?t mix your personal and professional lives. The common causes for a HIPAA breach were theft of patient health information, unauthorized access to the data, human error, loss and improper disposal of patient records. There should be limited access to patient health

Outline the Operations Processes Relevant to Transformations. Describe and Explain the Impact of the 4’s on the Transformation Processes. Essay Example

Outline the Operations Processes Relevant to Transformations. Describe and Explain the Impact of the 4’s on the Transformation Processes. Essay Example Outline the Operations Processes Relevant to Transformations. Describe and Explain the Impact of the 4’s on the Transformation Processes. Essay Outline the Operations Processes Relevant to Transformations. Describe and Explain the Impact of the 4’s on the Transformation Processes. Essay Outline the operations processes relevant to transformations. Describe and explain the impact of the 4? s on the transformation processes. Operations refers to those ongoing cyclic activities involved in the running of a business for the purpose of producing value for the stakeholders. Operations includes the conversion of inputs (resources) into outputs (goods and services). This conversion is known as transformation. Thus, operations processes are those processes involved directly with transformation. Operations processes entails different processes relevant to transformations. Sequencing and Scheduling are two essential aspects that assist with structuring and ordering the transformation processes. Sequencing refers to the order in which activities in the operations process occur. Scheduling refers to the length of time activities take within the operations process. The two main scheduling tools are Gantt charts and Critical Path Analysis (CPA). An understanding of both sequencing and scheduling is necessary for operations managers. As well as operations, technology is another aspect of the operations process which is relevant to transformations. Business technology involves the use of machinery and systems that enable businesses to undertake the transformation process more effectively and ef? ciently. Business technology may include a computer, keyboard and mouse, mobile telephones, printers etc. Manufacturing technology includes robotics, computer-aided designs (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Task Design is relevant to transformations as it involves classifying job activities in ways that make it easy for an employee to successfully perform and complete a task. It overlaps the employment relations function of job analysis, job description and person speci? ation. A plant layout is the arrangement of equipment, machinery and staff within the facility (either a factory or of? ce). The plant layout have an impact on the ef? ciency of the operations function. Plant layouts ensure enough physical space for production, effective use of equipment, the use of appropriate technology, and a good work environment, to n ame a few. All operations processes should be monitored for their effectiveness. Monitoring is the process of measuring actual performance against planned performance. As well as monitoring, the main transformational process should be subject to control. Control occurs when KPIs are assessed against predetermined targets and corrective action is taken if required. This requires effective monitoring and focus on continuous improvement. Monitoring and control lead to improvements when there is a focus on quality and standards. Improvement refers to systematic reduction of inef? ciencies and wastage, poor work processes and the elimination of any bottlenecks. Monitoring, control and improv Transformation processes are in? uenced by volume, variety, variation and visibility. That is, the four V? how much of a product is made, the range of products made, the amount of a product desired by consumers and the nature and amount of customer contact. The in? uence of volume has a strong impact on the transformation process. Volume refers to how much of a product is made. Volume ? exibility depends on the increase or decrease on the demand of a product. An example of a business which used volume as an in? uence for the transformation process is the manufacturers of Leapfrog Leapster Explorer. In 2010, the console became available for sale. However, there were more far more games than actual consoles. This meant that retailers had a shortage of consoles in comparison to games. This is a prime example of a situation caused by a supplier with an incorrect perception of volume. The in? uence of variety is the second ? V? that impacts strongly on the transformation process. Variety is the mix of products made, or services delivered through the transformation process. It is sometimes referred to as mix ? exibility. Mix ? exibility is known by customers as product range or variety of change. The in? uence of variety on transformation processes is the greater the variety made, the more the operations process needs to allow for variation. An example of a business that considers variety is Electrolux. Electrolux make Simpson, Chef, Dishlex and Westinghouse brands. These brands are attached to a range of whitegoods such as fridges, washing machines, ovens, dishwashers and dryers. In this way, the company can sell a variety of products made with largely similar production processes. A variation in demand can impact signi? cantly on transformation resources. Increases in demand will require increased inputs from suppliers, increased human resources, increased energy use and increased use of machinery and technology. The fourth and ? nal V that impacts the transformation process is the in? uence of visibility. Visibility is important in the transformation as it is the nature and amount of customer contact (feedback). Direct customer contact may include customer feedback given through surveys, interviews, letters, blogs and verbal contact. Indirect customer contact comes from a review of sales data that is an analysis of customer preferences. As businesses seek to maximize sales, customer contact is essential and ultimately shapes the transformation process.

Biography of Kurt Vonnegut Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biography of Kurt Vonnegut - Essay Example After the war, Vonnegut attended the University of Chicago as a graduate student in anthropology and also worked at the City News Bureau of Chicago. He described his work there in the late 1940s in terms that could have been used by almost any other City Press reporter of any era: "Well, the Chicago City News Bureau was a tripwire for all the newspapers in town when I was there, and there were five papers, I think. We were out all the time around the clock and every time we came across a really juicy murder or scandal or whatever, they’d send the big time reporters and photographers, otherwise, they’d run our stories. So that’s what I was doing, and I was going to university at the same time." Vonnegut admitted that he was a poor anthropology student, with one professor remarking that some of the students were going to be professional anthropologists and he was not one of them. According to Vonnegut in Bagombo Snuff Box, the university rejected his first thesis o n the necessity of accounting for the similarities between Cubist painters and the leaders of late 19th Century Native American uprisings, saying it was unprofessional. He left Chicago to work in Schenectady, New York, in public relations for General Electric, where his brother Bernard worked in the research department. Vonnegut was a technical writer but was also known for writing well past his typical hours while working. While in Schenectady, Vonnegut lived in the tiny hamlet of Alplaus, just across the Mohawk River from the city of Schenectady.

Holocaust and Rwanda Genocide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Holocaust and Rwanda Genocide - Essay Example Explanations on the Holocaust featured bureaucratic and/or economic motives and/or wartime pressures (Levene 2000, p.305). The bulk of the data and interpretation of the Holocaust and Rwanda genocide centers on either intentionalist or the functionalist perspectives. For instance, the debate surrounding the root of Holocaust can be explored from two main questions: 1) was there an Adolf Hitler's present master plan to annihilate the Jewish race? Intentionalists assert that there was such a plan, whereas functionalists assert that it was absent. 2) How was Holocaust systematically driven? (By the instructions awarded by Adolf Hitler or deep within the ranks of the bureaucracy). Intentionalists maintain that the scheme came from Adolf Hitler whereas functionalists argue it emanated deep within the lower ranks of the bureaucracy. Discussion The genocide of European Jews mainly referred to as the Holocaust, occurred between 1941 and 1945 whereby close to six million European Jews were an nihilated by the Nazis. From the 1960s following the publication of work such as The Hitler State, several historians disputed the overriding interpretation and outlined that the alleged master plan was, in fact, absent. During the 1970s, proponents of the intentionalist school of thought labeled as â€Å"the straight road to Auschwitz† camp owing to their insistence that Hitler was satisfying a preset programme (Mann 2005, p.180). Proponents of the functionalist school of thought were referred to as â€Å"the twisted road to Auschwitz† camp owing to their insistence that it was the internal power arrangements of the Third Reich that orchestrated the Holocaust. Hence, functionalists/structuralists assert that Holocaust stemmed as part of the functioning of the Nazi state while intentionalists believe that it was Hitler’s intents alone that propelled the Holocaust (Confino2012, p.118). Functionalism also referred to as structuralism and intentionalism represent a historiographical debate centering on the origins of mass murder such as the Holocaust. The two schools of thought avail a historical explanation on decision-making regarding the Nazi Jewish policy (Stone 2012, p.39). One of the approaches focuses on the structure of the Nazi regime and its functioning (functionalist) while intentionalism spotlights Hitler, his ideology, and intentions. The Holocaust: Intentionalist Approach The intentionalists argue that Hitler plus his team were propagating Aryan-race supremacy as they were anti-Semitism as they proposed to wipe them out of the map. As the word suggests, intentionalists place significant interest on the intention of the Nazis, from the outset, detailing the resolve to eliminate Jews by means that ultimately encompasses mass slaughter. This approach elevates the figure of Adolf Hitler and his monomaniacal fanaticism to annihilate the Jewish â€Å"cancer† from Germany and across the whole of Europe (Kershaw 2000, p.40).

INTRO LETTER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

INTRO LETTER - Essay Example I believe that if I give you a breakdown of my typical day, you would better understand how my familial responsibilities have ultimately worked in my favour as a writer. I get up every day at 6 a.m., prepare the children for school and do housework until about 10 a.m. From then until 3 p.m. my time is my own and this time is writing time. Without fail, I go into my small makeshift writing room at 10 a.m. and do not emerge from it until 3 p.m. If I am working on a new concept, I generally spend about 5 days surfing the internet and reading up on it. Following the collection of the necessary data, I enter the development of the concept phase. This entails the exploration of the concept from several perspectives and a critical analysis of all these angels for determination of which one, or combination, I will pursue. After this particular decision is made, I enter the skeleton phase. This entails the drawing up of a skeleton of the project. I construct a comprehensive outline of the project and add details to every point and so know exactly where I am heading and how I am going to get there. The penultimate stage is the fleshing out stage. The writing begins at this point. Following my skeleton, I begin the writing of the project itself. When at this stage I often loose track of the time and often feel that if I donâ₠¬â„¢t adjust my alarm at 3 p.m. I would extend far beyond that. The final phase, the one which I find quite boring, is the revision stage. This entails a tremendous amount of reading through my working, revising, writing and rewriting. It is, however, a necessary stage and the one which distinguishes quality output from less than perfect ones. After the children come home from school, I am generally with them, supervising their homework and preparing supper, until 6 p.m., at which time my husband

The Audit Expectation Gap

The Audit Expectation Gap Introduction The audit expectation gap is critical to the auditing profession because the greater the unfulfilled expectations from the public, the lower is the credibility, earning potential and prestige associated with the work of auditors. The aim of this paper is to uncover the causes of an audit expectation gap. It is revealed that the existence of an audit expectation gap is due to complicated nature of an audit function; conflicting role of auditors; retrospective evaluation of auditors performance; time lag in responding to changing expectation; and self-regulation process of the auditing profession. For decades the auditing profession has been troubled with high levels of litigations and accusations. Such a problem has reached an unprecedented level as a result of the spectacular fall of well-publicized corporations like Enron and WorldCom (Porter Gowthorpe, 2004). Porter (1993) argues that the recent increase in criticism of and litigations against auditors is due to the failure of aud itors to meet societys expectations. The failure of living up to societal expectations have implicated the notion of â€Å"audit expectation gap†. The â€Å"expectations gap† is the difference between what users of financial statements, the general public perceives an audit to be and what the audit profession claim is expected of them in conducting an audit. In this respect, it is important to distinguish between the audit professions expectations of an audit on one hand, and the auditors perception of the audit on the other hand. Apart from users of financial statements and the general public, an auditor may also perceive a somewhat different interpretation or worse still, fail to comply with the standards set by the audit profession. If users of financial statements and the general public were educated to think that the auditors role embraces the detection and prevention of fraud, especially in relation to material items, the fraud and error detection role of an audit could be relatively objective. However, the Auditing Practices Board cannot guarantee absolute objectivity since materiality â€Å"and† material significance are subjective concepts, which require further clarification. A return to the primary role of detection and prevention would also be welcomed since there are at present, not sufficient measures to hold the auditor liable for negative consequences of his actions. Some sources of academic literature assume that the meaning of an audit is not objective/fixed whilst other sources such as contents of audit reports assume that the meaning of an audit is fixed. In relation to the latter assumption, there is the belief that the expectations gap could be significantly reduced if not possible to eliminate. Auditing is increasingly difficult and challenging, with new rules and regulations encouraging, if not requiring, auditors to enhance their efforts to detect fraud during an audit. Unfortunately, these rules and regulations contain terms like â€Å"reasonable,† â€Å"material,† â€Å"professional scepticism,† and â€Å"brainstorming,† whose meanings vary in the minds of different auditors. The â€Å"expectation gap† reflects a perceived difference between what one is expected to accomplish by others and what one personally believes he must accomplish. For example, the airline industry now expects a significant portion of flights to be delayed during the busy summer months. Passengers do not subscribe to this same belief, so when their flights are delayed, this exposes an expectation gap. Auditors face similar challenges when it comes to detecting fraud in an audit. In many instances, they are not sure how much effort must be made to uncover red flags for fraud. More important, they do not always take the appropriate steps to uncover fraud once a red flag surfaces during an audit. Clients, judges, shareholders, and other parties, however, expect auditors to take steps to detect fraud during the audit. They are often displeased when fraud goes undetected and is later uncovered by a tip or accident. The resulting investigation or financial statement restatement creates negative consequences for the company and its employees. The reasons an auditor may fail to identify red flags during an audit include the following: Over reliance on client representations; Lack of awareness or recognition of an observable condition indicating fraud; Lack of experience; Personal relationships with clients; Failure to brainstorm potential fraud schemes and scenarios; and A desire â€Å"not to know.† The expectation gap is driven by two variables: the auditors ability to detect fraud, and the auditors efforts to detect fraud. An auditor may possess the skills to detect fraud, but might choose to take shortcuts or disregard obvious signs of potential fraud. Or, an auditor might use a variety of techniques, but lack the experience to effectively uncover red flags. Both scenarios will broaden the expectation gap. An auditor must develop the requisite skills to detect fraud and obtain sufficient knowledge of the rules and regulations in order to better understand what is required during an audit. Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) 99, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, requires auditors to obtain â€Å"reasonable† assurance that material fraud is not present. The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) standard 1210.A2 requires auditors to possess â€Å"sufficient knowledge† to identify indicators of fraud. Whatever the words â€Å"reasonable† and â€Å"sufficient† mean to auditors will not matter if they fail to detect fraud. The definitions of â€Å"reasonable† and â€Å"sufficient† will be determined by their manager, client, senior management, or the judge or jury in a lawsuit. Developing Fraud Detection Skills Fraud examiners rely on the following tools: Knowledge of specific fraud schemes and scenarios; Knowledge of applicable laws and regulations; Excellent communication skills; and Strong interviewing skills. While auditors cannot be expected to develop these skills to the level of a fraud examiner, they should try to become more proficient through training, hands-on experience, reading the professional literature, brainstorming, and using fraud detection skills during the audit. Training and awareness: All auditors should possess basic knowledge of fraud schemes in order to better position themselves to detect red flags during an audit. Auditors can start by developing a basic understanding of fraud schemes and scenarios, as well as the reasons why people commit fraud. Organizations such as the IIA, the National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts (NACVA), and the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) offer training that provides a basic understanding of the various schemes relating to financial statement fraud, asset misappropriation, and bribery and corruption schemes. Auditors who develop significant fraud-detection skills can choose to pursue certifications such as the ACFEs Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE) and the NACVAs Certified Forensic Financial Analyst (CFFA). In addition, many colleges and universities now offer fraud detection and examination courses as part of their business, accounting, or audit programs. Some schools even offer more advanced degrees in the field of forensic studies. This training typically ranges from a basic one-to-four-hour overview of fraud detection to a three-day comprehensive course, where auditors look for fraud by reviewing case studies, participating in-group sessions, and reviewing actual data. Brainstorming: Brainstorming fraud risks are critical to a successful audit and identifying red flags for fraud. If nothing else, brainstorming will create a mindset for auditors to think like a fraudster, supporting the adage, â€Å"to catch a crook, learn to think like one.† Approximately 50% of all auditors brainstorm fraud risks prior to the start of an audit. Of auditors who use brainstorming as a fraud detection tool, only about half make it a formal process where they document the schemes and identify techniques aimed at uncovering red flags. The other auditors conduct brainstorming on a more informal basis and admit to considering the risk for fraud without formally documenting this consideration. A more formal brainstorming process is necessary to fully benefit from this exercise. For example, auditors could use a spreadsheet and involve a team of at least three auditors. Preferably, the team should consist of a fraud examiner or an auditor experienced in fraud detection. Following these guidelines will make brainstorming more effective: Make it fun and interactive, with everyone participating. Present a fraud case study to stimulate responses. Involve an experienced fraud examiner. Identify previous company frauds in the discussion. Use a facilitator. After the brainstorming session, it is imperative to plan and perform the audit in accordance with the schemes and scenarios identified during the discussion. For example, if procurement fraud was identified as a high-risk area, the audit should include steps to identify red flags. These steps could include the following: Using data analytics to identify suspicious vendors; Reviewing vendor spending for the previous 12 months to identify suspicious patterns, including duplicate payments; Analysing vendors with post office box addresses to find â€Å"ghost vendor† schemes; Comparing employee addresses to vendor addresses for possible matches; Contacting vendors that bid unsuccessfully for contracts, to inquire about the bidding process; and Running a Benfords Law (which predicts the occurrence of digits in data) analysis on vendor invoices to identify suspicious patterns of invoice amounts. Interviewing skills: Auditors should consider effective interviewing as a basic forensic tool to use during an audit. Auditors can benefit from developing a basic awareness of deception and when someone may be lying. Generally, people are cooperative, energetic, receptive, and supportive of an auditors efforts. The auditor should spend the first 15 minutes or so of any discussion with an interviewee building rapport. It is important to watch the persons mannerisms, body language, and overall demeanour. It is also important to listen to an individuals tone of voice, willingness to volunteer information, and style of answering questions. Once an auditor establishes a rapport with the interviewee, she can proceed to the line of questioning associated with the audit. It is at this point that an auditor needs to be aware of any change in verbal or nonverbal behavior. Reducing the Gap The above prescriptions for increasing an auditors ability to detect fraud are undeniably arduous. Fraud detection requires effort and the ability to work hand in hand. Ability is enhanced through experience, training, and effort. Effort is enhanced through solid audit plans, brainstorming, and ability. The challenge to reduce the expectation gap stands before all auditors, internal and external. While the profession has made great strides through legislation, regulation, and audit standards, it must apply this guidance within its own ranks, expending the effort and developing the ability to reduce this gap. Auditors cannot be held responsible for uncovering all types of fraud. Collusive frauds and other intricate schemes are very difficult to uncover. This does not, however, give auditors a blanket excuse to refrain from looking for fraud. Developing the right mindset, embedding forensic procedures, and asking about fraud all increase auditors chances of finding it. Conclusion The auditing profession believes the increase in litigation against, and criticism of auditors can be traced to the audit expectation gap. The audit expectation gap is detrimental to the auditing profession as it has negative influences on the value of auditing and the reputation of auditors in the modern society. It is found that the existence of an audit expectation gap is due to complicated nature of an audit function; conflicting role of auditors; retrospective evaluation of auditors performance; time lag in responding to changing expectation; and self-regulation process of the auditing profession. Given such problematic factors that contribute to the existence of the expectation gap, it is neither the auditors nor users who should be blamed for the â€Å"audit expectation gap† crisis. References Boynton, W., Johnson, R. and Kell, W. (2005). Assurance and the integrity of financial reporting (8th ed.). New York: John Wiley Son, Inc. Chandler RA, Edwards JR and Anderson M, (1993). Changing Perceptions Auditor : 1840 1940, Accounting and Business Research Vol 23 Autumn Davidson, L. (1975). The role and responsibilities of the auditor: Perspective, expectations and analysis. Unpublished background paper for the commission on auditors responsibilities. Gloeck, J.D. and Jager, H. (1993). The audit expectation gap in the republic of South Africa, Working paper, School of Accountancy, University of Pretoria. Lee, T. H and Azham, Md. A. (2008). The evolving role of auditor: Where do we go from here? Accountants Today, (3), 18-22. Leung, P., Coram, P., Cooper, B., Cosserat. G. and Gill. G.. (2004). Modern Auditing Assurance Service (2nd ed.). Australia: John Wiley Sons. Miller, R.D. (1986). Governmental oversight of the role of the auditors. The CPA Journal, (9), 20-26. Porter, B. and Gowthorpe, C. (2004). Audit expectation-performance gap in the United Kingdom in 1999 and comparison with the Gap in New Zealand in 1989 and in 1999. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland Edinburgh. Shaked, A. and Sutton, J. (1982). Imperfect information, perceived quality and the formation of professional groups. Journal of Economic Theory, 27, 170-181.

The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle :: English Literature

The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Examine how Conan Doyle establishes the setting for the novel in the opening four chapters. How effective do you consider this to be? â€Å"The Hound of the Baskervilles† was written in 1902 when the detective genre had been established in England for around 50 years, by authors such as Wilkie Collins and James Anderson who published â€Å"Murder She Wrote†. Arthur Conan Doyle contributed to the development of this genre by creating Sherlock Holmes & Dr.Watson in a range of popular short stories released in magazines. He was one of the most significant, influential authors to this genre as he created the most famous detective, in fiction, in Sherlock Holmes. Sherlock Holmes was first introduced in â€Å"A Study in Scarlet† which was published in 1887; this won a lot of success and meant that Holmes featured as a main character in future stories and novels written by Doyle. Doyle, born in Edinburgh, Scotland began practicing medicine in 1882; his knowledge from his education comes through in his writing and there are many references to scientific sources. This gave his writing a new dimension and was new for readers at the time which perhaps even contributing to the popularity of his writing. In â€Å"The Hound of the Baskervilles† Doyle establishes the setting through five main aspects. These are a sense of time, places, genre, the plot and characters. An important aspect of the setting is how Doyle presents the main characters, their relationships and personalities. Doyle introduces 4 of the main characters in the opening chapters and begins to establish their relationships most noticeably between Holmes and Watson. The main characters are Holmes, Watson, Dr. Mortimer, the Baskerville family and of course the hound itself. These different characters are introduced in different chapters through different methods. This is for a number of reasons; to differentiate them, to let each of them have a different impact in the novel and because of the tradition from previous stories containing some of the characters. Holmes and Watson are not described in great detail but introduced in the opening chapters through their dialogue. Doyle did this as he didn’t need to introduce them in more depth as they had already been well established to the readers through other short stories in which they appeared before â€Å"The Hound of the Baskervilles†. Readers at the time already had a sense of their personalities and physical features through their earlier introductions. Holmes and Watson have a strong relationship in the novel which is shown by the way they talk to each other, their actions and the way they both try to solve the crime.

On Face Work Essay

The article â€Å" On Face-Work,† by Erving Goffman, focused on meanings of face, the image of self that individual presents, in a world of social encounters. Once an individual give out his positive self-image to others, should or should not present that oneself-image depend on how he feel about the encounter between him and other participants. When someone is inconsistent with how he projects himself in the society, he may be feel embarrassment or discredited; therefore, the individual protect himself of unfavorable way to others. Face is image of self portray have been expressed to others see and consider. Emotions and feelings become attached to the particular face; so he may have feel good, feel bad or being hurt depends on how his face expresses and how the encounter products. He â€Å"feels good† if the situation proceeds on the way, which he expected to be, whereas if his expectations are not fulfill, his feeling turns bad. Beside, â€Å"rule of the group and the definition of the situation† determine importance in how face and image of self are viewed because it is not only response to others, but one’s own emotion lead encounter. What someone say, or how they say it can change how a face is seen from another eyes. So, a person may implicate his own immediate and spontaneous face, which creates image and feeling itself without conscious considerations, to other participants. Internally consistent face, involves judgments and evidence from other, is one whereby the person is in maintain face. It is not only actions of one person, but also the view of participants â€Å"in the flow of events in the encounter†; that is maintained. Someone said to be wrong face when information that comes from external source is inconsistent to his face. Alternately, the person may be out of face when he has no line to show up in certain situation, even though they are in contact with others. When people are in wrong face or out of face, some may feel shame, interiority, or they may have bad feeling; some may keep presenting an impression of confident. Those who know how to control embarrassments called poise. There are several methods for prevent to threats to the face. Avoidance, one of the basic kinds of face-work, process by changing the topic of conversation and acting as the threatening expression has no occurred at all. Once someone change an encounter into inconsistence, another kind of defensive measure, he action or resources to keep of or away from activities. Protection maneuvers- â€Å"a person shows respect, politeness, making sure to extend to other any ceremonial treatment†. When someone loses control of his expression during encounter, he can turn away or time out for moment. For example, two people are in conversation and one turn to mad, to control the temper of encounter, another decide to leave him or his active for a moment to give him time to calm down; so they can avoid fighting. Ritual disequilibrium or disgrace, one or more participants find themselves in an established. Ritual means the system of ceremonies, respect, or acting with symbolic component. Interchange is the sequences of acts set in motion that re-establishment of ritual equilibrium. For example: Marry collide to David in the small hallway, A says, â€Å" Excuse me† and then B replies â€Å" Sure†. Those speeches are corrective ritual. There are four classic moves. First, the challenge, participants take on responsibility to the misconduct. The second move is offering, the offender is given chance to correct to correct or restore equilibrium. The acceptance will been occur after the first and second move had been made. The person to whom can satisfy or re-establish the order of offense. Finally, thanks, the fourth move, provide model for ritual behavior, but deviation from model may include refusing to change. Those parts may fit better when interact together than separate into conscious ones. Lack of effort by one may be met with inducible compensative effort from others. Simultaneous apology is the chances for this happen. Many offenders and offended simultaneously attempt to an apology to reduce their criminal. Resolution of situation- the first requirement is more important than apportioning of blame- typically a secondary consideration. There are many more other protect individual. A participant appreciates a delicate situation and to do or say the most fitting thing for different reasons with saving his own face and the face of other, called tact. Then, â€Å"tacit cooperation will naturally arise so that the participants together can meet shared but different objectives. † One of common tacit cooperation is face saving. Face saving refer to maintaining a good self-image, defense his own face and protect the other. People who make a mistake or involve in conflict know they are wrong often not admit that they are wrong to avoid embarrassing remonstrance. Another form of tacit cooperation is reciprocal self-denial. A person just accepts apportionment of judgment during the occasion without having clear idea about it. Negative bargaining means participates try to make a trade to other side. For example, they try to pay a lunch for other like: â€Å" Let me pay for this one† or â€Å" No, I could not. It is my turn. † Therefore, tacit agreement is someone willing to abide, to help others perform theirs. Without ritual, socialization could not organize or worth as it is. Self, the image was expressed from the social interaction that creates face of person. Or the self can understand as play the game or set of ritual. When the person make the mistake that against himself, the person have the prerogative to for give the event is not he, it must be the other participants, who are â€Å"exercise it only in his interests or in the interests of the undertaking. † Much of activity in the encounter occur base on the understanding and effort of all participants, not only individual. And if the relationships are in the process of change that mean the encounter has been satisfied. The author’s point in this article is to allow the reader to understand the concept of face such as commitment, maintenance of face, poise, and how to deal with social process in social relationship, interaction, and encounter. The meaning of word face is the positive social value of person claim. He considers emotion, feelings, embarrassment, confidence, and give examples; make these as a part of his analysis of social face. Goffman also focus on the produces and processes of many kind of face-work like ritual, corrective process, avoidance process, and control embarrassment. He is also conscious and attributes meaning to symbol and action of other. What someone says or how someone acts can always change how face in the other eyes. Therefore, how the encounter goes is depend on everyone’s part to understanding, effort to get through the occasion. The Sociological perspective that I am applying to this article is the Symbolic Interactionist Paradigm. Because this perspective is micro sociology- how face-to-face interaction create the social world, and how face presenting interacts between participants in encounter. Face, image of self is like language sign that others would understand your felling as you express. Any emotions in your face tell others help you avoid bad situation. Being polite attitude is a sign of peace; in contrast, being cocky or angry face would start a fight and probably put you danger. Two people are in conversation and one turn to mad, to control the temper of encounter, another decide to leave him or his active for a moment to give him time to calm down; so they an avoid fighting. As if you blurt out of words during conversation, your action and how you express your face after that would affect your friends to whether forgive or not. The emotion present in your face would reflect the way people judge you. After reading the article â€Å"On Face Work,† I learned many ways to prevent an incident in which lead your relationship downhill. I believe people can understand each other through by looking at others’ emotion and guess their thinking without any word. I think there are some people express their motion and cause many trouble for them.

Hitler Fell.. essays

Hitler Fell.. essays Many aspects of World War Two have been the cause for debate for many years. Not only has the loss of Germany been discussed at great lengths, also have the reasons. It can be said that although much thought and fact has been taken into consideration when discussing Germany's loss as a whole; not as much attention has been given to that of the loss of Hitler as a man and a leader. Germany's loss of World War Two was not only a loss on behalf of the country as a whole, but a personal loss to Hitler. Why was this such a loss to Hitler? Why did he experience a personal downfall? How did he create his own demise? There are many reasons as to why this is so, but the fact that his ideas were behind the war is a reason why it was not only Germany's downfall, but Hitler's also. He was a man of influence in Germany; the timing was right, and he was in the hot spot. He was the leader of a highly populated European country, he wanted more for himself and for his people. He had ideas , he made decisions based on them. What were his ideas? What was behind them, what did he intend them to accomplish? Where did they lead, and how did this lead to a countrywide and worldwide loss, and even a personal loss? In discussing some of Hitler's ideas such as, lebensraum (which ties in with treaty issues), purity of the state of Germany and a zeal for his people and the desire to make changes for the betterment of his country; it will be seen that although his ideas might have been initally pure, they led to the war, the downfall of Germany and ultimately Hitler's own personal demise. What were his ideas? What were his visions for a more pure Germany? What did he want for his people, for himself? Firstly, today, Hitler is seen as a white supremacist. He wanted all of Germany to be pure. Why was this so? In Germany at the time, the economic status of the country was not very good. Hitler saw the Jews as to be shrewd business people who ...

Lord of the Flies Irony essays

Lord of the Flies Irony essays I stayed up late searching through my novel last Wednesday night for examples of irony in Lord of the Flies, only to find out the next morning that our in class essay was about a confidant in the novel. This is an example of irony, or two contrasting ideas that fail to meet an expectation. In William Goldings Lord of the Flies, Golding applies situational and verbal irony as a means to show the reader on how the inner evil of the individual can significantly possess society with no regard to institution or structure. Golding uses symbolism to coincide with the theme of how the person rules the civilization and not how the civilization rules the person. Examples throughout the novel show how values are contrasted with what the author sees as an inner evil we all possess. One clear example of irony in the novel is when Jack, one of the savage boys on the island, is hesitant to kill a pig in the beginning while he is out exploring the island. I was going to, said Jack. He was ahead of them, and they could not see his face. I was choosing a place. Next time-! The reader looks back on this example after reading the novel and can see how ironic the transition of this characters morals have become. He starts out as Jack the English boy in a uniform from a civil society and ends up with a mask and an identity no one can distinguish as he became a savage. It is ironic that Jack did not kill the pig because of the unbearable blood, but by the end of the story he does not question the morality of murder. He wants to kill pigs, he wants to kill humans, and he does not flinch at these concepts. Jack and the other boys try to kill Ralph near the end of the story and in order to find him, they set the island on fire to smoke him out. It is ironic that in the conquest for destruction and murder of one, they manage to save Ralph an ...

Markting 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Markting 3000 - Essay Example For example, IPhone functions depend on the mobile network such as GSM, GPRS, EDGE, 3G, Call, SMS etc. Without these features there is not much use of IPhone and hence by distributing IPhone through AT & T, Apple is enhancing the value and use of IPhone for consumers. Similarly, the value chain for customers buying online is that segment of market which resides outside the USA. Hence, they cannot use AT & T in their country, so it much feasible for them to buy IPhone online and use it in their country on their choice of mobile network. The value they get from buying online is cheaper product as compared to if it bought from AT & T. The return value channel will be reselling IPhone back to Apple, which will refurbish them and then sell them again in the market at a higher price. The reverse value will be that when people buy refurbish sets they will know that the product is being checked by Apple itself and hence it will be more reliable than other second hand IPhones available in the market. This will result in refurbished IPhones selling at a higher price as result of reverse

To what extent was there a 'step change' in Britain's relationship Essay

To what extent was there a 'step change' in Britain's relationship with the EU in 1997 - Essay Example ion assists nations in establishment of steady and flourishing democracies, and it reduces the chance of a country in Europe becoming a rouge state, by developing solid reconciliation between the conflicting parties in a country. Therefore, the paper will develop counter arguments to discuss the extent of â€Å"step change† in the relations of Britain with EU during the period between 1997 and 2005. The â€Å"step change† initiative was characterized by Blair as a term refereeing to adaptation of the New Labor to a practical European policy. Moreover, there were other terms referring to the same initiative such as Blair’s active promotion of EU expansion; thus, this implies that the government became responsive to affairs concerning the European, thereby dealing with issues like Convention on the Future of Europe. In fact, aim was to arise, instead of leading though the initiatives of the government policy2. The government had international priorities and not European since the themes were running during the entire period, hence raising the concern of whether Britain was seeking eschew from the euro before 1997. Europe segregated the British labor party for a period of sixty years, compared to the conservatives who offer support in the process of the integration, though the Prime Minister, Attlee was faced with opposition. Moreover, the history of Britain would be expunged after joining the Common Market, and the Labor Prime Minister Harold Wilson had pragmatic reasons for his willingness to absorb Britain since it had lost the role as a leader in the world and due to deterioration of its economy. Therefore, by 1960, the leadership of the party would have resolved their differences on Europe relating to the segments of labor ranks and files while there was hostility by the labor movement to the notion of membership to the community of capitalist, since there was fear of increasing rates of unemployment3. In 1970, Britain took on a stance against the EU through

Answer below question 50 or more words Assignment

Answer below question 50 or more words - Assignment Example Almost all the agents of socialization have great impact on the political opinion of any person. At top of the list, family plays an important role in developing the basic mindset of any person. Usually people perceive anything in the same way as their family taught them. Therefore, we can say that the people may support any political party if all the family members are supporting them. After that, the role of colleagues and peers is also very important. In most of the situations, we have conversations with our colleagues and it is possible that at the end of the day we may think in a way as our friends was saying. At this point of time, we cannot ignore the role of unbiased media in developing the mindsets and perceptions of people. In my opinion, the identity proofs should be checked before the voting procedure just to make sure the validity of the elections. There can be variety of ways to check any persons’ identity. Many of the countries are following electronic devices to cast the votes against the candidates. These electronic devices are reliable and thus give valid results. Any country may have to face many of the problems after the elections therefore it is advisable to use any of the technique to clarify the election procedure. In today’s competitive and busy world, it is very important for an individual to have an association with different interest groups, i.e. political, social, economic, etc.†¦ because there is a famous saying â€Å"Unity is Strength†. Therefore, most of the individuals prefer to have a representation in a group, so that they can discuss and resolve their problems in an organized and united way. I have also joined an interest group known as SASE (Society for the Advancement of Socioeconomic) (https://www.sase.org) because I believe that social conditions and societal norms have a great impact over the economic progress of a country. This organization helps me to

An Introduction to Debt Policy and Value Essay Example for Free

An Introduction to Debt Policy and Value Essay What remains to be seen however, is whether shareholders are better or worse off with more leverage. Problem 2 does not tell us, because there we computed total value of equity, and shareholders care about value per share. Ordinarily, total value will be a good proxy for what is happening to the price per share, but in the case of a relevering firm, that may not be true. Implicitly we assumed that, as our firm in problems 1-3 levered up, it was repurchasing stock on the open market (you will note that EBIT did not change, so management was clearly not investing the proceeds from the loans in cash-generating assets). We held EBIT constant so that we could see clearly the effect of financial changes without getting them mixed up in the effects of investments. The point is that, as the firm borrows and repurchases shares, the total value of equity may decline, but the price per share may rise. Now, solving for the price per share may seem impossible, because we are dealing with two unknowns—share price and change in the number of shares: Share price=Total market value of equity

Essay --

Gandhi once said, â€Å"a man is but the product of his thoughts what he thinks, he becomes.† Gandhi was a free-willed thinker and was the famous leader of the movement for Indian independence; he based his teachings on non-violence and truth. Being born and raised in India, he saw all the aspects of how British rule was controlling, but not knowing of any of the troubles of the British control, Gandhi set off to study law in England. He soon leaves for South Africa and opens a law office. But it was here in South Africa that where Gandhi organizes his first protest against anti-Indian laws in South Africa and was imprisoned. When he was released he returned to India and seven years later was put on trial and was sentenced to six years in jail. In jail, Gandhi began his â€Å"great fast† in protest of British control. But Gandhi was persistent to win the battle with no violence so he repeatedly was thrown in jail and fasted continuously. Even being imprisoned for years , nothing stopped the great independence leader of India. Gandhi once said, â€Å"you can chain me, you can torture me, you can even destroy this body, but you will never imprison my mind.† Gandhi’s beliefs can easily be translated into transcendentalism. Transcendentalism is a philosophy that promotes spiritual thinking and be one with nature. Ralph Waldo Emerson who wrote Nature and Self-Reliance and Henry David Thoreau who wrote Civil Disobedience and Walden are two famous examples of transcendentalists. They believe that people should not conform to society’s ways and beliefs and instead listen to their own conscious even if we are to be judged by others. They are true to themselves and find themselves through nature and being in solitude. Most nonconformists in the world were... ...e succeeded. Gandhi is known as the father of India but he can also be known as a transcendentalist because of his acts of civil disobedience, his careless thoughts of what others thought of him, and his persistence for racial and gender equality. When comparing transcendentalism and Gandhi, we can clearly see how closely related their philosophies were because like transcendentalism, Gandhi was self-reliant, a nonconformist, and believed in equality. Gandhi set examples for many others leaders to help gain independence because like all other actions it begins with ideas, and with ideas anything is possible. Everything can be accomplished if we all step outside of the pressures of society and find ourselves and be the person we intend to be and not society’s puppet. Like Gandhi once said before, â€Å"a man is but the product of his thoughts what he thinks, he becomes.†

Compare and Contrst †Paradise Lost and Balled of Reading Gaol Essay

How do both the poems and the poets relate to the theme ‘Fallen Hero?’ John Milton and Oscar Wilde were two literary figures who crafted many different types of work. Milton was a pamphleteer in mid seventeenth century, who wrote and discussed important matter such as; in defence of liberty, in support of regicides, against episcopacy, divorce, apologist for the Common Wealth. Perhaps the most famous of his pamphlets, was ‘Areopagitica’, this dealt with censorship. Wilde was a playwright in the late nineteenth century. Milton was highly placed in the political world. He was sentenced to prison, for being a republican when monarchy returned to Britain. He was however bailed out by a friend, and after facing his sentence in gaol he wrote Paradise Lost referring to a ‘Fallen Hero’ which is possibly the best piece of English literature ever written. Paradise Lost, his most famous poem that was first published in 1867 in ten books. Wilde was one of the most popular celebrities of his time. He was sentenced to two years imprisonment and hard labour in Reading Gaol. He was sent to gaol after he was accused by the Marquis of Queensbury of homosexual offences. He then regrettably took his libel case to court, and lost his case. The case attracted much publicity in 1895 which destroyed Wilde’s reputation. Unlike Milton, he was a wrecked person after his sentence, and felt he had to move to France; and it was there he wrote ‘The Ballad of Reading Gaol’. In the following essay, I shall be comparing and contrasting this poem with two excerpts from his Milton’s poem. Both poets have written about a form of captivity that can be described as hell or hell on earth. In Wilde’s case he describes gaol as being a hell on earth, in Milton’s case however, he describes the protagonist, as being in the actual hell. Milton’s principal character, Lucifer, was the archangel of Heaven and serving for God. However Lucifer; wanted more power, he believed he was equal to God. He instigated a rebellion, and fought God, and was defeated in the battle. As a result: â€Å"Him the almighty Power Hurled headlong flaming from the ethereal sky† (line 45) Lucifer with his fellow rebels, were thrown out of Heaven into the Chaos of Hell. â€Å"Nine times the space that measures day and night† (line 50) This Hell was the deepest, darkest, most dreadful part of the Universe. Satan is thrown into the Hell that Milton describes: â€Å"Fiery gulf† (line 52)†¦ â€Å"One great furnace flame† (line 62)†¦ â€Å"Regions of sorrow† They were left to perish in agony. Lucifer was from then on known as Satan. He was the ‘Fallen Hero’ in Milton’s epic poem. Wilde however described the tortures of gaol, illustrating how hellish they were. In his poem he writes about a soldier, Trooper Charles Thomas Wooldridge being charged with murder by slitting his wife’s throat with a razor. This is an example of a fallen hero. However; I believe Wilde can also be seen as a ‘Fallen Hero’. He portrayed his own situation through the imagery of the soldier as a metaphor for his condition in his poem. He fell from the height of his popularity, in 1895 to degradation and never recovered. He was so ashamed of his humiliation that although Wilde never hid his authorship of the poem, it was published under the name ‘C.3.3.’, which stood for building C, floor 3, cell 3, at Reading. Wilde speaking of his hell on earth says: â€Å"The wall is strong; And that each day is like a year, A year whose days are long.† (Verse 1) The differences between Wilde’s hell and Milton’s hell are that Milton’s hell is open for Satan to run free. â€Å"Here at least We shall be free; the Almighty hath not built Here for his envy, will not drive us hence: Here we may reign secure† (line 258) Satan feels now he is out of God’s hand, he is free and has more power than ever. God will not be able to touch Satan and Beelzebub were they are, and Satan will â€Å"reign secure† (line 261) In Wilde’s poem, he describes his hell as a confined, claustrophobic area, where nobody has freedom. They are: â€Å"Each in his separate Hell,† (verse 10) Each prisoner is deprived of, senses, confrontation, food and water. Society which has locked them up, acts as God. Society is the law, and law is not always right: â€Å"I know not whether Laws be right, Or whether Laws be wrong;† (verse 1) The word Law in this poem, has a capitol L this is to personify the word, and raises the word law from guidance, into a high power. The quote is saying Law, which is society, perhaps is judging mistakenly. The next quote highlights this fact: â€Å"But straws the wheat and saves the chaff† (verse 2) This quote is a play on the saying ‘Separate the wheat and chaff’. The saying means to distinguish the good from the bad, the precious from the worthless. This saying literally occurred regularly in the ancient agricultural practice of winnowing. This is said in the Bible: ‘Whose fan is in his hand, and he will thoroughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.’ (Matthew 3:12) In Wilde’s poem, he says that more bad people are not imprisoned, than good people are imprisoned. The Satan in Milton’s poem intended to be the ‘Fallen Hero’? I believe he is the anti-God or anti-hero. If this is the case, I believe Satan is not a hero, but is a character that consists of many heroic qualities; â€Å"A mind not to be changed by place or time. The mind is its own place, and in itself Can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven.† This shows Satan’s determination and resilience. He will not change his mind. The reader respects Satan’s energy, resilience, bravery, not concerned of what evil archfiend has these traits. Satan is able to see what power he still has, he now has a land of his own, which he will make a Heaven, and he will believe God’s Heaven to be a Hell. Nobody appreciates Satan’s heroic qualities as much as Milton. Satan’s passionate and ambitious character is more intriguing than God’s reasonable and mild personality. Milton has sculpted the character of Satan to be a desirable character in the beginning to represent the temptation man faces when dealing with the devil. As in The Fall of Adam and Eve, Eve resists into the temptation of the Devil, and brings sin into the world. This is the beginning of the Devil’s war against God and this is what Milton’s Epic is about to answer the earlier question, although William Blake said memorably in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell in 1790: â€Å"Milton†¦was a true poet, and of the Devil’s party without Knowing it† Milton was a strong puritan and would never allow an evil character to become the true hero. There is a big difference between both focal characters in the two poems. As I mentioned before, we admire Satan’s heroism in spite of what mars him. The word marred is also used in Wilde’s poem: â€Å"And by all forgot, we rot and rot, With soul and body marred† In Milton’s case Satan’s actions are marred, and his persona is as gallant as ever. However in Wilde’s poem he describes the prisoner’s soul, body and persona marred. The soldier and Wilde are completely decrepit, and destroyed. Satan does not give up; he keeps on going determined to defeat God. â€Å"What though the field be lost? All is not lost; the unconquerable will, An the study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit of yield:† (line 105) Even once Satan has lost the battle, he feels, he is finally free from God’s slavery. This a big difference between Satan and Wilde, Wilde gave up. Satan has the ability to look at the bright side of the situation: â€Å"This downfall; since by fate the strength of gods† (line 116) â€Å"This the seat That we must change for heaven, this mournful gloom For that celestial light?† (Line 244) â€Å"With rallied arms to try what may yet Regained in heaven, or what more lost in hell?† (line 269) Satan in this situation believes that losing this battle was an act of a fate. Being defeated, in the long run, was a good thing. The battle was worth the risk of ruling heaven, even if it resulted in a loss and being thrown into hell. â€Å"Better to reign in hell, than serve in heaven.† Fate has led Satan to have a land of his own to rule. It is best to have power in a land of vice, than to be under slavery in a land of good. â€Å"In arms not worse, in foresight mush advance. We may with more successful hope resolve To wage by force or guile eternal war Irreconcilable to our grand Foe,† Satan and his henchman, Beelzebub, feel after they were defeated they feel they can fight back by learning from their mistakes. They will approach the war not by strength, but by intelligence. They learned God’s foremost weapon was thunder. â€Å"Who thunder hath made greater?† (Line 258) Although Satan lost his battle against God he can still win the war. The primary difference between the two poems is the determination of the two Fallen Heroes Satan has resilience to fight back and defeat the omnipotent; however Wilde allowed society, which was his omnipotent to crush him. Milton managed to write this poem as a result of his return into society he fought back, and was able to write about the positives of his fall. Wilde however, took a vast piece out of him, and was only able to write about the negatives of his experience. I believe, if Milton had been trampled to the same extent of Wilde, he would not have been able to write the best piece of literature ever. Similarly, if Wilde was not hit at such an degree, he would have been able to write about the encouraging points of his life. Milton and Wilde differ in such a way; it is difficult to contrast the two poets. However being able to see the difference in manner of literature, after different levels of crushing by society, enables you to see the true Fallen Heroes; Milton and Wilde.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Proposal Essay

Hazards exist in every workplace in many different forms: sharp edges, falling objects, flying sparks, chemicals, noise and other potentially dangerous situations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that employers protect their employees from workplace hazards that can cause injury. Controlling a hazard at its source is the best way to protect employees. Depending on the hazard or workplace conditions, OSHA recommends the use of engineering or work practice controls to manage or eliminate hazards to the greatest extent possible. For example, building a barrier between the hazard and the employees is an engineering control; changing the way in which employees perform their work is a work practice control. When engineering, work practice and administrative controls are not feasible or do not provide sufficient protection, employers must provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to their employees and ensure its use. Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as â€Å"PPE†, is equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards. Examples of PPE include such items as gloves, foot and eye protection, protective hearing devices (earplugs, muffs) hard hats, respirators and full body suits. This guide will help both employers and employees do the following: Understand the types of PPE. Know the basics of conducting a â€Å"hazard assessment† of the workplace. Select appropriate PPE for a variety of circumstances. Understand what kind of training is needed in the proper use and care of PPE. The information in this guide is general in nature and does not address all workplace hazards or PPE requirements. The information, methods and procedures in this guide are based on the OSHA requirements for PPE as set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 29 CFR 1910. 132 (General requirements); 29 CFR 1910. 133 (Eye and face protection); 29 CFR 1910. 135 (Head protection); 29 CFR 1910. 136 (Foot protection); 29 CFR 1910. 137 (Electrical protective equipment); 29 CFR 1910. 138 (Hand protection); and regulations that cover the construction industry, at 29 CFR 1926. 95 (Criteria for personal protective equipment); 29 CFR 1926. 96 (Occupational foot protection); 29 CFR 1926. 100 (Head protection); 29 CFR 1926. 101 (Hearing protection); and 29 CFR 1926. 102 (Eye and face protection); and for the maritime industry at 29 CFR 1915. 152 (General requirements); 29 CFR 1915. 153 (Eye and face protection); 29 CFR 1915. 155 (Head protection); 29 CFR 1915. 156 (Foot protection); and 29 CFR 1915. 157 (Hand and body protection). OSHA requires the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce employee exposure to hazards when engineering and administrative controls are not feasible or effective in reducing these exposures to acceptable levels. Employers are required to determine if PPE should be used to protect their workers. If PPE is to be used, a PPE program should be implemented. This program should address the hazards present; the selection, maintenance, and use of PPE; the training of employees; and monitoring of the program to ensure its ongoing effectiveness. PPE is addressed in specific standards for the general industry, shipyard employment, marine terminals, and long shoring . The Requirement for PPE To ensure the greatest possible protection for employees in the workplace, the cooperative efforts of both employers and employees will help in establishing and maintaining a safe and healthful work environment. In general, employers are responsible for: ? Performing a â€Å"hazard assessment† of the workplace to identify and control physical and health hazards. Identifying and providing appropriate PPE for employees. Training employees in the use and care of the PPE. Maintaining PPE, including replacing worn or damaged PPE. Periodically reviewing, updating and evaluating the effectiveness of the PPE program. In general, employees should: Properly wear PPE, Attend training sessions on PPE, Care for, clean and maintain PPE, and Inform a supervisor of the need to repair or replace PPE. Specific requirements for PPE are presented in many different OSHA standards, published in 29 CFR. Some standards require that employers provide PPE at no cost to the employee while others simply state that the employer must provide PPE. Appendix A at page 40 lists those standards that require the employer to provide PPE and those that require the employer to provide PPE at no cost to the employee. United States department of labor Secretary of Labor Thomas E. Perez

Computer-Based Office Automation essays

Computer-Based Office Automation essays Personal computer-based office automation software has become an indispensable part of election management in many business environments. Word processing programs have replaced typewriters; spreadsheet programs have replaced ledger books; database programs have replaced paper-based electoral rolls, inventories and staff lists; personal organizer programs have replaced paper diaries; and the list goes on. In the last thirty years technology has made it possible to minimize time wasted on redundant tasks. The paperless work environment has become the goal of many businesses. The overall effect this automation revolution has had on business is getting harder to measure by the day. Starting with the introduction of basic word processing and spreadsheet programs in the 1970s, by the 1990s office automation programs had become very sophisticated. These programs have served to empower ordinary office workers by enabling them to complete tasks in-house that had previously been sent off-site to be completed by specialists. In most cases the increased efficiency has equated to more production and new job opportunities. For example, desktop publishing programs allow relative novices to produce professional-quality publications, where once even the simplest of typesetting tasks had to be sent to professional typesetters and printers. Database and spreadsheet programs running on high-powered personal computers allow everyday users to input, store, process, and use data in ways that once would only have been possible on large main-frame computers operated by specialists. Telephone routing systems have made the workforce more efficient by eliminating unnecessary transfers and lowering hold times. The automated phone answering systems have also made the office more efficient by giving people access to information without having to speak with a real person. Voice mail offers the advantage of answering your calls while you're on the phon...